88. Lower Division Seminar: Special Topics in Biomedical Physics. Seminar, three hours; outside study, nine hours. Preparation: satisfaction of Subject A requirement. Variable topics seminar which examines specific issues or problems and ways that professionals in biomedical physics approach study of them. Students define, prepare, and present their own research projects with guidance of a professional school faculty member.
CM133. Principles, Practices, and Policies in Biotechnology (2 units). (Same as Biological Chemistry CM133, Chemical Engineering CM133, Chemistry CM133, Microbiology CM133, Microbiology and Immunology CM133, and Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology CM133.) Lecture, three hours. Designed for juniors/seniors. Life and physical sciences majors and students in the School of Law and Anderson Graduate School of Management may find course useful in their career preparation. Presentation of technologies, regulatory practices, and policies required for product development and review of current opportunities for new technology development. Topics include fermentation processes, pilot and large-scale bioprocess technologies, scaleup strategies, industrial recombinant DNA processes, hybridomas, protein engineering, peptide mimetics and rational drug design, medical and microscopic imaging, and intellectual property issues. Concurrently scheduled with course CM233.
199. Directed Individual Studies or Research for Undergraduate Students (2 to 4 units). Requisite: consent of graduate adviser (based on written proposal outlining course of study or research). Directed individual studies in biomedical physics for undergraduate students to be structured by faculty member and student at time of initial enrollment.
200A. Physics and Chemistry of Nuclear Medicine. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Nuclear structure, statistics of radioactive decay, nuclear radiations and their interaction with matter, nuclear decay processes, nuclear reactions, and compartment models. Physical and chemical properties of radioactive preparations used in nuclear medicine. Basic principles of nuclear medicine imaging, SPECT, and PET.
200B. Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Requisite: course 200A. Introduction to nuclear medicine instrumentation, including well ionization chambers, probe and well scintillation detectors, scintillation cameras, and single photon and positron emission computed tomography.
201. Medical Radiation Accelerator Design. Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 216. Overview of physical principles involved in design of current particle accelerators (electron, proton, heavy particle) and analysis of characteristics of current accelerators and facility design.
202A-202B-202C. Applications of Medical Physics to Clinical Problems. Selected studies in clinical use of radioisotopes:
202A. Nuclear Medicine. Requisite: course 200B.
202B. Diagnostic Radiology. Requisites: courses 200A, 205.
202C. Radiation Therapy. Requisites: courses 203, 204, 208B, 221.
203. Physics of Radiation Therapy. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisites: courses 216, 221. Radiation quantities and units. Radiation dosimetry, clinical applications in treatment planning. Methods of measuring radiation quantities. Calibration of radiation therapy equipment.
204. Introductory Radiation Biology. Effect of ionizing radiation on chemical and biological systems.
205. Physics of Diagnostic Radiology. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Production of X rays, basic interactions between X rays and matter, X-ray system components, physics principles of medical radiography, radiographic image quality, fluoroscopy, image intensifiers, special procedures, X-ray protection. Laboratory experiments illustrate basic theory.
206. Advanced Instrumentation. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisite: course 205. Introduction to recent advances in digital diagnostic imaging systems, with topics centered on instrumentation including digital subtraction angiography (DSA) methods of producing three-dimensional images.
208A. Medical Physics Laboratory: Medical Imaging. Discussion, two hours; laboratory, four hours. Requisite: course 205. Hands-on experience performing acceptance testing and quality control checks of imaging equipment such as fluoroscopy, digital subtraction angiography, mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and computed radiography.
208B. Medical Physics Laboratory: Radiation Therapy. Discussion, two hours; laboratory, four hours. Requisite: course 203. Hands-on experience calibrating treatment planning and radiation therapy equipment.
209. Digital Techniques in Radiological Sciences. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Preparation: one course in C or another computer language. Basic principles of digital technology used in radiological sciences. Concepts and experience necessary to undertake radiological research in a diverse computing environment. Discussion of relationship between computers and diagnostic equipment with regard to data acquisition, equipment interfacing, and data analysis. C language programming taught.
210. Principles of Medical Imaging. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisite: course 209. Study of image representation, computational structures for imaging, linear systems theory, image enhancement and restoration, image compression, segmentation, and morphology. Special topics include visualization techniques, three-dimensional modeling, computer graphics, and neural net applications. Laboratory projects apply concepts developed in class.
211. Medical Ultrasound. Lecture, 90 minutes; laboratory, two hours. Preparation: one calculus course. Production of real-time ultrasound images, transducer modeling and design, Doppler and color flow instrumentation, biohazards of ultrasound, ultrasound phantom design, and ultrasound tissue characterization techniques. Laboratory included.
212. Biochemical Basis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Introduction to biochemical processes and application of radioisotopes to study metabolism noninvasively by positron emission tomography (PET). Validation of kinetic models to derive quantitative information from PET. Introduction to clinical and experimental application of PET.
213. Quantitative Autoradiography. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Application of quantitative autoradiography for estimating brain and heart functions. Topics include 2-deoxyglucose method for metabolic rate; iodoantipyrine method for blood flow; amino acid method for protein synthesis; quantitative receptor autoradiography; neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of autoradiogram and PET scan interpretation.
214. Medical Image Processing Systems. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisites: courses 209, 210. Advanced image processing and image analysis techniques applied to medical images. Discussion of approaches to computer-aided diagnosis and image quantitation, as well as application of pattern classification techniques (neural networks and discriminant analysis). Examination of problems from several imaging modalities (CT, MR, CR, and mammography).
215. Breast Imaging Physics and Instrumentation. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Requisite: course 205. Special requirements of mammography, design of dedicated mammography X-ray units from generators and tubes through screen/film cassettes. Stereotactic biopsy units, cost/benefit controversy of screening mammography, digital mammography, computer-aided diagnosis, telemammography, breast MRI, and breast ultrasound.
216. Fundamentals of Dosimetry. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Review of fundamental interactions of radiation and matter and introduction to fundamentals of radiation dosimetry. Overview of dosimetry instrumentation as well as radiation sources.
217. Statistics and Data Analysis in Biomedical Physics. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Requisites: Mathematics 31A, 31B, 32A, 32B, 33A, 33B. Introduction to computer-based statistical concepts, data analysis, and experimental design within biomedical physics research. Standard statistical packages and various statistical computing algorithms on relevant data sets within the radiological sciences.
218. Radiologic Functional Anatomy. Lecture, three hours; discussion, two hours. Introduction to human anatomy as visualized through radiological and nuclear medicine imaging modalities such as X ray, CT, MRI, sonogram, PET, and SPECT.
219. Principles and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Basic principles of magnetic resonance (MR), imaging physics, and contrast mechanisms. Emphasis on hardware, Fourier transform imaging methods, structure of pulse sequences, various scanning parameters and reduction of artifacts. Introduction to MR spectroscopy, MR angiography, and fast imaging techniques.
220A-220D. Laboratory Rotations in Biomedical Physics (2 units each). Laboratory projects to provide students with introduction to the field. One oral and one written presentation required. S/U grading. 220A. Biophysics; 220B. Medical Imaging; 220C. Therapeutic Medical Physics; 220D. Radiation Biology and Experimental Radiation Therapy.
221. Applied Health Physics. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisite: course 216. Basics of radiation safety as applied to medical applications. Introduction to all regulatory issues pertaining to medical uses of radioactivity.
222. Advances in Medical Magnetic Resonance: Clinical MR Spectroscopy and Fast MRI Techniques. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Requisites: course 219, Physics 8E. Basic principles of NMR spectroscopy, localized spectroscopic sequences on a wholebody environment, single/multishot localization, water/fat suppression, chemical shift imaging sequences, processing with multidimensional Fourier transforms, gradient/spin-echo based echo-planar imaging, diffusion/perfusion imaging techniques.
223. Seminar: Radiation Biology (1 unit). Requisite or corequisite: course 204. Topics of current interest in radiation biology presented by faculty members, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students from various departments and other universities. Discussion of ongoing research, as well as relevant journal articles. Topics vary from term to term. One student oral presentation required. S/U grading.
M230. Computed Tomography: Theory and Applications. (Same as Biomathematics M230.) Computed tomography is a three-dimensional imaging technique being widely used in radiology and is becoming an active research area in biomedicine. Basic principles of computed tomography (CT), various reconstruction algorithms, special characteristics of CT, physics in CT, and various biomedical applications.
CM233. Principles, Practices, and Policies in Biotechnology (2 units). (Formerly numbered M233.) (Same as Biological Chemistry CM233, Chemical Engineering CM233, Chemistry CM233, Microbiology CM233, Microbiology and Immunology CM233, and Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology CM233.) Lecture, three hours. Designed for graduate students. Life and physical sciences majors and students in the School of Law and Anderson Graduate School of Management may find course useful in their career preparation. Presentation of technologies, regulatory practices, and policies required for product development and review of current opportunities for new technology development. Topics include fermentation processes, pilot and large-scale bioprocess technologies, scaleup strategies, industrial recombinant DNA processes, hybridomas, protein engineering, peptide mimetics and rational drug design, medical and microscopic imaging, and intellectual property issues. Concurrently scheduled with course CM133. S/U or letter grading.
M248. Introduction to Biological Imaging. (Same as Pharmacology M248.) Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Exploration of role of biological imaging in modern biology and medicine, including imaging physics, instrumentation, image processing, and applications of imaging for a range of modalities. Practical experience provided through a series of imaging laboratories.
260A-260B-260C. Seminars: Biomedical Physics (1 unit each). Joint critical study by students and instructors in fields of knowledge pertaining to biomedical physics. Periodic contributions by visiting scientists. Discussion of research in progress. Student presentations required in spring term. May be repeated. S/U (260A, 260B) and letter (260C) grading.
M266. Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2 units). (Same as Psychiatry M266.) Starting with basic principles, presentation of physical basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with emphasis on developing advanced applications in biomedical imaging, including both structural and functional studies. Instruction more intuitive than mathematical.
268. Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry. Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Current concepts in radioactive pharmaceutical agents in clinical use, including promising investigational agents. Utilization of short-lived, cyclotron-produced isotopes in radiopharmaceuticals. Rational design of radiodiagnostic agents.
269. Seminar: Medical Imaging (1 unit). Continuous registration required of students in medical imaging specialty. Topics of current interest in medical imaging, with lecturers from the department, other universities, and private industry.
M285. Functional Neuroimaging: Techniques and Applications (3 units). (Same as Psychiatry M285.) Seminar, two hours. In-depth examination of activation imaging, including PET and MRI methods, data acquisition and analysis, experimental design, and results obtained thus far in human systems. Strong focus on understanding technologies, how to design activation imaging paradigms, and how to interpret results. Laboratory visits and design and implementation of a functional MRI experiment. S/U grading.
M424. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Journal Club (1 unit). (Same as Psychiatry M424.) Discussion, 90 minutes. Directed reading and discussion of current topics and developments in functional magnetic resonance imaging. S/U grading.
495. Special Studies in Biomedical Physics. Discussion, two hours; laboratory, four hours. Teaching assistance in graduate laboratory courses under supervision of a faculty member. S/U grading.
596. Research in Biomedical Physics (4 to 12 units). Directed individual study or research. Only one 596 course may be applied toward M.S. degree requirements. May be repeated for credit.
597. Preparation for Ph.D. Qualifying Examinations. May not be applied toward M.S. degree requirements. May not be repeated. S/U grading.
598. Research for and Preparation of M.S. Thesis (4 to 12 units). Two 598 courses (or 598 and 596 combined) may be applied toward M.S. degree requirements. May be repeated. S/U grading.
599. Research for Ph.D. Dissertation (4 to 12 units). Preparation: successful completion of screening examinations. Research for and preparation of Ph.D. dissertation. May be repeated. S/U grading.