7. Human Evolution. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Required as preparation for B.A. degree. Evolutionary processes and evolutionary past of the human species. P/NP or letter grading.
8. Archaeology: An Introduction. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Required as preparation for both bachelor's degrees. General survey of field and laboratory methods, theory, and major findings of anthropological archaeology, including case-study guest lectures presented by several campus archaeologists.
9. Culture and Society. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Required as preparation for both bachelor's degrees. Introduction to study of culture and society in comparative perspective. Examples from societies around the world to illustrate basic principles of formation, structure, and distribution of human institutions. Of special concern is the contribution and knowledge that cultural diversity makes toward understanding the problems of the modern world. P/NP or letter grading.
10. Principles of Human Evolution: Genetic Basis. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Required as preparation for B.S. degree. Human population biology in the conceptual framework of evolutionary processes. Emphasis on genetic basis of evolution, population biology, and diversity among living populations.
12. Principles of Human Evolution: Comparative Analysis. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Required as preparation for B.S. degree. Human population biology in conceptual framework of evolutionary processes. Emphasis on comparative primate behavior, structural anatomy, and the fossil record. P/NP or letter grading.
15. Human Biology and Behavior. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Human biology and behavior through the life cycle from conception to senescence. Discussion of natural selection, sexual selection, and life history theory. Factors influencing variation in fertility and mortality: reproductive ecology, growth, development, and aging.
33. Culture and Communication. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Introduction to ways in which culture and communication shape each other, with emphasis on importance of language as a symbolic and practical guide to people's behavior and understanding of each other's actions. Topics include language socialization, cross talk, and verbal and nonverbal communication.
34. Introduction to Urban Speech Communities. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Introduction to study of speech communities in metropolitan areas, with special focus on communities in Los Angeles. Emphasis on ways in which communities share and incorporate speech norms of urban society while maintaining rules for conduct and interpretation of speech within specific speech communities. Topics include language and identity, socialization, social dialects, and communication.
51. Social Inequality. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; field studies component. Analysis of cultural causes and consequences of cultural differentiation in which social inequality based on ethnicity and social race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, and mental and physical disability is common factor.
60. Anthropology for Today. Lecture, three hours. Lectures, films, readings, and discussions, with focus on critical evaluation of anthropological method and theory to understand cultural aspects of a selection of pressing problems in the modern world. Examination of such domestic issues as poverty and social inequality, educational reform, public health and mental health, conflict and criminality, as well as such Third World issues as economic development, environmental protection, population control, political modernization, diplomacy, warfare, revolution, refugee and disaster relief, minority rights, and protection of indigenous peoples. Survey of ethical issues and career opportunities in applied anthropology.
60P. Internships in Applied Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Enforced requisite: course 60. Designed to give students firsthand experience working in agencies in public and private sectors (e.g., refugee relief centers, drug rehabilitation programs, community development agencies, mental health clinics, etc.) selected for their relevance to individual students' prospective professional interests. Eight to 12 hours per week, complemented by weekly seminars, field evaluations, and preparation of a field journal.
80. Introduction to Quantitative Methods. Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Data analysis as a way to reason with quantitative information. Topics include description (frequency distribution tables, histograms), population specification (mean and standard deviation, normal distribution), samples and estimation procedures (central limit theorem), and hypothesis testing (t-test, chi-square test).
88A-88Z. Lower Division Seminars. (Formerly numbered 88.) Seminar, three hours. Variable topics; consult Schedule of Classes or department for topics to be offered in a specific term. P/NP or letter grading:
88A. Diversity in American Cultures. Discussion of readings, followed by seminar presentations, with focus on cross-cultural analysis of attributes common to all societal forms in which differences culturally defined as significant affect both individual life chances and societal well-being.
All upper division courses with letter designations (A, B, P, Q, etc.) may be taken independently unless otherwise stated.
110. World Archaeology. Prerequisites: course 8 and upper division standing, or consent of instructor. Broad survey of human culture history from its Stone Age beginnings to establishment of the primary civilizations of the Old and New Worlds. Intended for students with general interest in archaeology and in an anthropological approach to study of the past.
111. Study of Archaeology. Survey of contemporary prehistoric archaeology. Emphasis on what archaeologists do, and how and why they do it. Contributions of archaeology to the modern world. Intended for students with a desire to explore the nature of anthropological archaeology. (Core course for archaeology field.)
112. Old Stone Age Archaeology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 8 or consent of instructor. Development of Paleolithic cultural traditions in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the New World. Emphasis on the ordering and interpretation of archaeological data, Pleistocene geology and chronology, and relationship between human cultural and biological evolution.
113P. Archaeology of North America. Lecture, three hours. Prehistory of North American Indians; evolution of Indian societies from earliest times to (and including) contemporary Indians; approaches and methods of American archaeology.
113Q. Prehistory and Ethnography of California. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 8 or 9. From earliest Californians through 10,000 years of history, study of diversity in California's original peoples. Aspects of technology, ideology, ecology, and social/political organization. Historic impacts on California Indians by Euro-Americans. P/NP or letter grading.
113R. Southwestern Archaeology. Examination of prehistory of the American Southwest from Early Man to historic times. Emphasis on describing and explaining cultural variation and change, employing an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Special attention to "Great Events" (agriculture, town living, and the Great Abandonment). Evolutionary processes generalized and related to contemporary world problems.
114P. Ancient Civilizations of Western Middle America (Nahuatl Sphere). Pre-Hispanic and Conquest period native cultures of Western Middle America, as revealed by archaeology and early colonial writings in Spanish and Indian languages. Toltec/Aztec and Mixteca civilizations and their predecessors, with emphasis on sociopolitical systems, economic patterns, religion, and aesthetic and intellectual achievements.
114Q. Ancient Civilizations of Eastern Middle America (Maya Sphere). Pre-Hispanic and Conquest period native cultures of Eastern Middle America, as revealed by archaeology and early colonial writings in Spanish and Indian languages. Lowland and Highland Maya civilizations and their predecessors, with emphasis on sociopolitical systems, economic patterns, religion, and aesthetic and intellectual achievements.
114R. Ancient Civilizations of Andean South America. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 8 or 9. Pre-Hispanic and Conquest period native cultures of Andean South America, as revealed by archaeology and early Spanish writing. The Inca and their predecessors in Peru, with emphasis on sociopolitical systems, economic patterns, religion, and aesthetic and intellectual achievements.
M115A-M115B. Historical Archaeology. (Formerly numbered M115S.) (Same as History M103A-M103B.) Lecture, three hours. P/NP or letter grading. M115A. World Perspective. Historical archaeology requires appreciation of historical sources, archaeology, and material culture. Thematic emphasis, with exploration of breadth of discipline both in the Old World and the Americas. M115B. American Perspective. Emphasis on historical archaeology in North America, particularly to some of the practical applications.
115P. Archaeological Field Training (6 or 12 units). Lecture, two to three hours; fieldwork, eight (spring) or 50 (summer) hours. Requisite: course 8. Off-campus field archaeology course offered for six units in Spring Quarter and 12 units in Summer Quarter. Procedures of archaeological excavation, recording, mapping, surveying, and initial analysis of archaeological data. P/NP or letter grading.
C115R. Strategy of Archaeology. (Formerly numbered 115R.) Seminar, three hours; outside study, nine hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Introduction to problem formulation, theory, and method in archaeology, with emphasis on development of research designs. Focus on how archaeological research is conceived and planned, with consideration of differing viewpoints and their usefulness. Concurrently scheduled with course C215R.
M116Q. Dating Techniques in Environmental Sciences and Archaeology. (Same as Geography M178.) Lecture, three hours; reading period, one hour. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Introduction to scientific dating methods such as radiocarbon dating, radiation damage methods, biological dating techniques, and magnetic dating, and applications in environmental sciences, archaeology, and physical anthropology.
117. Archaeological Laboratory Methods (6 units). Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two to three hours. Requisite: course 8. Archaeological analysis of prehistoric cultural materials. Procedures of classification, analysis, data entry. Laboratory work with lithic artifacts, vertebrate fauna, shellfish, plant remains, bone and shell tools, ceramics, and more. Extra laboratory sessions, with focus on additional intensive training in one or more technical laboratories. P/NP or letter grading.
117P. Intensive Laboratory Training in Archaeology. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite: course 117 or equivalent. Archaeologists with special expertise in specific analytical techniques and topics oversee intensive laboratory training on a tutorial or small-class basis on one of the following topics: zooarchaeology, ethnobotany, lithic analysis, ceramic analysis, etc. May be repeated for credit with topic change. P/NP or letter grading.
118A. Museum Studies. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Method and theory of museum operation. Discussion and demonstration of acquisition accession, storage, photography, conservation, and exhibition. Analysis of museum research, publication, and teaching, as well as museum administration and funding. Lectures and demonstrations structured to illustrate how various aspects of museum operation are interrelated.
118B. Museum Studies. Prerequisites: course 118A, consent of instructor. Two areas of museum operation are selected by students from those discussed and demonstrated in course 118A. Students are then required to develop expertise in these areas through a combination of library research and a series of assignments carried out in the museum.
M119. Topics in African History: Prehistoric Africa -- Technological and Cultural Traditions. (Same as History M175A.) Lecture, three hours; outside study, nine hours. Survey of nondocumentary sources of early African history, with emphasis on archaeological evidence from origins of humanity until A.D. 1600. P/NP or letter grading.
120. Survey of Biological Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: courses 10, 12, or equivalent. Limited to majors and graduate students in anthropology. Survey of biological anthropology including all major subareas. Lecture/seminar format requires attendance at a recitation section in addition to lectures. (Core course for biological field.)
120G. Biological Anthropology in Review. Lecture, three hours; seminar, three hours. Corequisite: lecture portion of course 7. Limited to graduate students in anthropology. Designed for anthropology students who have a deficiency in biological anthropology. Seminar discussion based on basic evolutionary principles, behavior of nonhuman primates, hominid evolutionary history, and contemporary human variation.
121A. Primate Fossil Record. Lecture, three hours. Recommended (but not prerequisite): courses 10, 12. Course 121A should be taken before 121B and 121C. Introduction to method and theory in paleoanthropology. Primate evolution, Cretaceous through the Miocene.
121B. The Australopithecines. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Recommended: courses 10, 12, 121A. Morphology, ecology, and behavior of the genus Australopithecus. History of their discoveries and their place in human evolution.
121C. Evolution of the Genus Homo. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Recommended: courses 10, 12, 121A, 121B. Origin and evolution of the genus Homo, including archaic sapiens and Neanderthals. Morphology, ecology, and behavior of these groups. Course ends with appearance of modern man.
121P. Reconstructing Hominid Behavior and Paleoecology. Seminar, three hours. Use of paleontological, archaeological, ecological, and geological evidence to infer late Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominid behavior and environnmental context of human evolution. P/NP or letter grading.
124. Evolution and Biology of Human Behavior. Comparative survey of behavior patterns of preliterate and Paleolithic peoples and those of nonhuman primates. Assessment of biological variables fundamental to human and prehuman behavior with regard to theories on evolution of human culture.
124P. Evolution of Human Sexual Behavior. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Recommended: course 7 or 10 or 12 or equivalent. Examination of human sexual relations and social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Emphasis on theories and evidence for differences between men and women in their patterns of growth, maturation, fertility, mortality, parenting, and relations with members of the opposite sex.
124Q. Physiology of Human Behavior. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: upper division standing and/or consent of instructor. Overview of neural, physiological, and endocrine substrates of a variety of human behaviors, including sexual behavior, aggression, language, and affiliative behavior. Emphasis on evolutionary origins, developmental pathways, and cross-cultural expressions of behaviors examined. Focus on human behavior, with evidence from animal literature as well.
124R. Laboratory Methods in Human Behavioral Endocrinology (6 units). Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours (plus time to complete project). Prerequisite: course 124Q or consent of instructor. Introduction to laboratory methods in neuroendocrinology for students in social and behavioral sciences. Emphasis on field-compatible methods. Design and execution of a small research project.
C126P. Introduction to Field Methods in Human Ecology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division or graduate standing. Survey of methods used in anthropological investigations emphasizing human biology and human ecology. Study design, physical assessment of nutritional status, growth and maturation, demographic surveys, systematic observation of behavior, energy expenditure, subsistence ecology, data analysis. Demonstrations and labs. Course fee required. Concurrently scheduled with course C226P. P/NP or letter grading.
127P. Primate Evolution. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Survey of primate paleontological and evolutionary record, encompassing prosimians, New and Old World monkeys, and hominoids. Attendant aspects of paleoecology and behavior.
128A. Primate Behavior Nonhuman to Human. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Review of primate behavior as known from laboratory and field studies. Theoretical issues of animal behavior, with special reference to nonhuman primates. Discussion of human behavior as the product of such evolutionary processes. P/NP or letter grading.
128B. Behavioral Ecology of Primates. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 128A. Analysis of evolution of sociality, sexual strategies, parenting behavior, fighting and contests, and altruism and cooperation in primate species.
128P. Primate Behavioral Neurobiology: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives. Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 7 or 12. Strongly recommended: course 128A, Chemistry 11A, Life Sciences 1. Survey of use of nonhuman primates to model neurobiological bases of complex behavioral and emotional states in nonhuman primates. Attention to empathy, xenophobia, aggression, and social cognition. P/NP or letter grading.
129P. Laboratory Methods in Biological Anthropology: Skeletal. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: courses 10, 12, consent of instructor. Limited to majors and graduate students. Laboratory methodology and analysis of human variation on skeletal material.
129Q. Paleopathology. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisites: course 129P, upper division standing, consent of instructor. Investigation into diseases, trauma, health status, subsistence activities, and ethnic mutilation (i.e., cranial deformation, trepanation) through analysis of human skeletal materials. Course has worldwide scope, with some emphasis on the New World.
130. Study of Culture. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: one lower division sociocultural anthropology course or equivalent, upper division standing. The 20th-century elaboration and development of the concept of culture. Examination of five major paradigms: culture as a human capacity, as patterns and products of behavior, as systems of meaning and cognition, as generative structure and semiotic system, as a component in social action and reality construction. (Core course for cultural field.)
132. Technology and Environment. Significance of material culture in archaeology and ethnology; problems of invention and the acceptance of innovations; ecological and sociological concomitants of technological systems; selected problems in material culture.
133Q. Symbolic Systems. Prerequisite: upper division standing or consent of instructor. Analysis of anthropological research and theory on cultural systems of thought, behavior, and communication expressed in a symbolic mode (as distinguished from discursive, instrumental, and causal modes). Methods for study of symbolic meaning, including the experiential approach.
133R. Aesthetic Systems. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Provides framework for a cross-cultural understanding of aesthetic phenomena that meets the requirements of anthropological research. Human capacities for aesthetic experience; sociocultural formation of aesthetic production; ethno-aesthetics; experiential dimension of aesthetic production.
M134. Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality: Homosexualities. (Formerly numbered 134.) (Same as Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Studies M134.) Comparative analysis of role of environment, history, and culture in structuring of patterns of same-sex erotic behavior in Asia, Africa, Middle East, Pacific, Caribbean, and aboriginal America. P/NP or letter grading.
135A-135B. Introduction to Psychological Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. P/NP or letter grading:
135A. Historical Development. Prerequisite: course 9 or consent of instructor. Survey of the field of psychological anthropology, with emphasis on early foundations and historical development of the field. Topics include study of personality, pathology and deviance, altered states of consciousness, cognition, motivation, and emotion in different cultural settings.
135B. Current Topics and Research. Prerequisite: upper division standing or consent of instructor. Survey of the field of psychological anthropology, with emphasis on current topics and research. Topics include study of personality, pathology and deviance, altered states of consciousness, cognition, motivation, and emotion in different cultural settings.
135C. Seminar: Psychocultural Studies. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: course 9 or equivalent, consent of instructor. Firsthand exposure to current research in psychocultural studies. Various university scholars are brought in to discuss their on-going research. Using these presentations as models, students develop proposals for future research. P/NP or letter grading.
135S. Anthropology of Deviance and Abnormality. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: course 9 or equivalent, consent of instructor. Relationship between culture and recognition of, responses toward, and forms of deviant and abnormal behavior.
135T. Psychoanalysis and Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Exploration of mutual relations between anthropology and psychoanalysis, considering both theory and method. History of and current developments in psychoanalysis; anthropological critiques of psychoanalytic theory and method, toward a cross-cultural psychoanalytic approach.
M136Q. Laboratory for Naturalistic Observations: Developing Skills and Techniques. (Same as Psychiatry M112.) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Skill of observing and recording behavior in natural settings, with emphasis on field training and practice in observing behavior. Group and individual projects. Discussion of some of the uses of observations and their implications for research in social sciences.
138. Methods and Techniques of Ethnohistory. Introduction to problems and procedures of extracting cultural data from documentary sources and their interpretation and analysis. Relevant documentary sources of various New World regions are selected as case histories to illustrate more concretely problems and challenges in this major area of anthropological concern.
139. Field Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Corequisite: course 139L. Introduction to skills and tools of data ascertainment through fieldwork in cultural anthropology. Emphasis on techniques, methods, and concepts of ethnographical research and how basic observational information is systematized for presentation, analysis, and cross-cultural comparison.
139L. Field Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing. Corequisite: course 139. Supervised practicum of field methods in cultural anthropology. Field methods and techniques presented in course 139 practiced and applied in simulated field situations. Discussion of styles of presenting ethnographical information.
M140. Language in Culture. (Same as Linguistics M146.) Prerequisite: upper division standing or consent of instructor. Study of language as an aspect of culture; relation of habitual thought and behavior to language; and language and the classification of experience. Holistic approach to study of language, with emphasis on relationship of linguistic anthropology to fields of biological, cultural, and social anthropology, as well as archaeology. (Core course for linguistics field.)
141. Ethnography of Everyday Speech. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: course 33, upper division standing or consent of instructor. Course has two interrelated objectives: (1) to introduce students to ethnography of communication -- description and analysis of situated communicative behavior -- and the sociocultural knowledge which it reflects and (2) to train students to recognize, describe, and analyze relevant linguistic, proxemic, and kinesic aspects of face-to-face interaction.
142A-142B. Microethnography of Communication. Lecture, three hours. Course 142A or Sociology CM124A or consent of instructor is prerequisite to 142B. Students make primary records (sound tape, videotape, or film) of naturally occurring social interactions which are analyzed in class for interactive tasks, resources, and accomplishments displayed. Laboratory and fieldwork outside of class and minimal fees to offset costs of equipment maintenance and insurance required.
143. Field Methods in Linguistic Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: Linguistics 20 or prior experience in linguistics. Practice in eliciting linguistic data from informants. Initial focus on phonetic transcription and phonological structures; introduction to skills and strategies pertinent to morphological, syntactic, and textual analysis. Practice with native speakers of non-Indo-European languages is normally an important aspect of student participation. P/NP or letter grading.
144. American Indian Ethnolinguistics and Sociolinguistics. Prerequisite: prior coursework in either anthropology, linguistics, or American Indian studies. Introduction and comparative analysis of sociocultural aspects of language use in Native North American Indian speech communities. Specific foci include both micro- and macro-sociolinguistic topics. Micro-sociolinguistic topics are comprised of such issues as multilingualism, cultural differences regarding appropriate communicative behavior and variation within speech communities (e.g., male and female speech, baby talk, ceremonial speech, etc.). Macro-sociolinguistic considerations include language contact and its relationship to language change and language in American Indian education.
M145. Afro-American Sociolinguistics: Black English. (Formerly numbered 145.) (Same as Afro-American Studies M166.) Lecture, three hours. Basic information on Black American English, an important minority dialect in the U.S. Social implications of minority dialects examined from perspectives of their genesis, maintenance, and social functions. General problems and issues in fields of sociolinguistics examined through a case-study approach.
146. Language and Culture of Polynesia: Past, Present, and Future. Lecture, three hours. Introduction to Polynesian cultures and languages, with particular emphasis on past and present sociocultural systems, patterns of language structure and language use, verbal art, language socialization strategies, and forms of cultural assimilation and resistance to European contact. Fieldwork on contemporary Polynesian cultures in U.S. urban areas.
150. Study of Social Systems. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9 or consent of instructor. Introduction to more specialized social anthropology courses. Evaluation of variation in sociocultural systems and how societies are organized and social relations maintained. Basic frameworks of anthropological analysis; historical context and development of social anthropology discipline.
151. Marriage, Family, and Kinship. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9. Examination of understandings of kinship in cross-cultural perspective and impact of kinship on interpersonal relationships, gender roles, and sociocultural systems. Readings from popular materials and formal ethnographic accounts.
152. Politics: Tribe, State, Nation. Lecture, three hours. Cross-cultural examination of politics and political organization. Law and the maintenance of order; corporate groups; ideology. Relations of political institutions to other institutions of society and to issues of identity and representation.
153. Evolution of Human Societies. Lecture, three hours. Review of economic and ecological approaches to studying organization of production and exchange. Economic life viewed from three perspectives: adaptation, decision making, and social structure. Comparative theories discussed in context of ethnographic evidence from a wide variety of cultural systems.
153P. Economic Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 9. Introduction to anthropological perspectives for interpretation of economic life and institutions. Economic facts to be placed in their larger social, political, and cultural contexts; examination of modes of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in their relation to social networks, power structures, and institutions of family, kinship, and class. P/NP or letter grading.
M154P. Gender Systems: North American. (Formerly numbered M154.) (Same as Women's Studies M154P.) Lecture, three hours. Requisite: Women's Studies 10. Designed for upper division social sciences majors. Comparative study of women's lives and gender systems in North American cultures from an anthropological perspective. Critical review of relevant theoretical and practical issues using ethnography, case study, student fieldwork, internship, and presentation. P/NP or letter grading.
M154Q. Gender Systems: Global. (Formerly numbered M154.) (Same as Women's Studies M154Q.) Lecture, three hours. Requisite: Women's Studies 10. Designed for upper division social sciences majors. Comparative study of gender systems globally from an anthropological perspective. Outline of material conditions of women's lives in the world -- gender division of labor, relationship of gender to the state, and colonialism and resistance movements. P/NP or letter grading.
155. Women's Voices: Their Critique of Anthropology of Japan. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: introductory sociocultural anthropology course. The anthropology of Japan has long viewed Japan as a homogeneous whole. Restoration of diversity and contradiction in it by listening to voices of Japanese women in various historical contexts. P/NP or letter grading.
M155Q. Women and Social Movements. (Same as Women's Studies M155Q.) Lecture/discussion, three hours. Recommended (but not requisite): prior women's studies or anthropology courses. Comparative studies of social movements (e.g., nationalist, socialist, liberal/reform), beginning with Russia and China and including Cuba, Algeria, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Nicaragua, and Iran. Analysis of women's participation in social transformations and the centrality of gender interests. P/NP or letter grading.
156. Comparative Religion. Survey of various methodologies in comparative study of religious ideologies and action systems, including understanding particular religions through descriptive and structural approaches, and identification of social and psychological factors which may account for variation in religious systems cross-culturally.
158. Hunting and Gathering Societies. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9. Survey of hunting and gathering societies. Examination of their distinctive features from both an ecological and cultural viewpoint. Discussion of the possibility of developing a general framework for synthesizing these two viewpoints. Use of this synthesis as a basis for illustrating the relevance of hunting and gathering societies as an understanding of complex societies.
158P. Pastoral Nomads. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9 or 150 or consent of instructor. Survey of pastoral nomad societies. Consideration of environmental and social demands of livestock domestication and production. Focus on ecological features, cultural practices, and social organization, with special attention to historical interactions between pastoral nomads and settled peoples.
159. Warfare and Conflict. Lecture, three hours. Examination of conflict and violent confrontation as these have been treated in anthropological literature. Cross-cultural comparison of institutions such as raids, feuds, ritual warfare. Consideration of application of anthropology to study of militaries, modern warfare, and large-scale ethnic conflict.
161. Development Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisites: course 9 and upper division standing, or consent of instructor. Comparative study of planned and unplanned development, in particular as it affects rural societies. Emphasis on impact of capital, technological change and gender differences, economic differentiation and class, urban/rural relations, and migration. Discussion of theoretical issues in light of case studies.
M162P. Destruction and Survival of Indigenous Societies. (Same as World Arts and Cultures M162P.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9 or upper division standing or consent of instructor. Clarification of concepts and forms of destruction and survival; analysis directed to different processes threatening the institutions of a group and its survival. Exploration of current theories of ethnocide and genocide for their relevance and validity. P/NP or letter grading.
M164. Afro-American Experience in the U.S. (Same as Afro-American Studies M164.) Promotes understanding of contemporary sociocultural forms among Afro-Americans in the U.S. by presenting a comparative and diachronic perspective on the Afro-American experience in the New World. Emphasis on utilization of anthropological concepts and methods in understanding the origins and maintenance of particular patterns of adaptation among black Americans.
165. Demographic Problems in Nonindustrial Societies. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9. Dynamic interaction between environment, cultural belief, social structure, and population in hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, and agricultural societies. Principal theories of population change and current issues in population policy considered in light of the anthropological evidence.
166. Cross-Cultural Research on Urban Gangs. Lecture, three hours. Preparation: one anthropology, psychology, or sociology course. Examination of background and contemporary traditions of gangs in three ethnic minority groups -- African American, Asian American, and Mexican American. Similarities and differences to be noted in dimensions of gang formation and persistence, subcultural styles, territorial and criminal conflicts, drug use and abuse, personal motivations, dress habits, etc. Cross-cultural look at major social control institutions (e.g., family, schools, peers, law enforcement, religion) which affect their lives. P/NP or letter grading.
167. Urban Anthropology. Open to upper division majors in social sciences, and others with consent of instructor. Survey of urbanization throughout the world, with emphasis on urban adaptation of rural migrants. Special focus on problems of rural/urban migration of ethnic minority groups and subsequent adaptation of them within the U.S. explored in terms of methods and perspectives of anthropology.
M168. Health in Culture and Society. (Same as Nursing M158.) Prerequisite: upper division standing. Examination of theories and methods of medical anthropology in relation to cross-cultural health systems, role networks, attitude and belief systems of the participants. Emphasis on interaction networks in health care systems.
171. Sub-Saharan Africa. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division standing or consent of instructor. Issues of ecology and political economy; continuing impacts of colonialism, nationalism, and current challenges for development; changes in social relations. Examination of Africa's significance to development of anthropology. Cultural background for understanding events in contemporary Africa provided.
172R. Cultures of the Pueblo Southwest. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 8 or 9 or upper division standing or consent of instructor. Survey of ethnographic and ethnohistorical research of Pueblo Indians (Hopi, Zuni, Tanoan, and Keresan) and their immediate neighbors. Basic information on history, languages, social organization, and traditional cultural systems of these groups.
M172T. Ethnohistory of Hispanic Cultures in the U.S. Southwest. (Same as Chicana and Chicano Studies M172T.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9 or consent of instructor. Ethnography of social and cultural adaptations of Hispanic peoples in the U.S. Southwest: their respective social organization, economic and political institutions, sacred and secular belief systems, and expressive cultures. P/NP (undergraduates), S/U (graduates), or letter grading.
M172V. Culture Change and the Mexican People. (Same as Chicana and Chicano Studies M172V.) Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 9 or Chicana and Chicano Studies 10A or 10B. Culture change theory encompasses such issues as innovation, syncretism, colonialism, modernization, urbanization, migration, and acculturation. Examination of methods anthropologists/ethnographers use in studying and analyzing culture change within ethnohistorical background of the Mexican and Mexican American people to clarify social and cultural origins of modern habits and customs and, more importantly, unravel various culture change threads of that experience. Topics include technology and evolution, Indian nation-states, miscegenation, peasantry, expansionism, industrialization, immigration, ethnicity, and adaptation. Field project on some aspect of culture change required. P/NP or letter grading.
173Q. Latin American Communities. Overview of social and cultural anthropology of small communities in Latin America. Similarities and contrasts in social organization and interpersonal relations described in context of economic, political, and cultural environments.
174P. Ethnography of South American Indians. Introduction to ethnography of South American Indians, with special emphasis on Lowland South America. Survey of history and development of man and society in this world area and examination of exemplary cultures symptomatic of various levels of cultural achievement.
174Q. Ethnology of South American Indians. Prerequisite: course 174P or consent of instructor. Introduction to ethnology of South American Indians, with special emphasis on Lowland South America. Methods and theories applied to study of man and culture on the subcontinent, including biological anthropology, linguistics, and sociocultural anthropology.
175R. Societies of Central Asia. Lecture, three hours. Overview of culture and society among the diverse peoples of Inner Asia, including Mongolia, Tibet, and Soviet Central Asia. Topics include environment and economic adaptation, politics in traditional isolation and within the framework of recent national integration, kinship, forms of marriage and status of women, religion and the social order in Hindu/Buddhist culture contact zone, and current problems of modernization. P/NP or letter grading.
175S. Japan. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9. Overview of contemporary Japanese society. General introduction, kinship, marriage and family life, social mobility and education, norms and values, religions, patterns of interpersonal relations, social deviance. P/NP or letter grading.
175T. Civilizations of East Asia. Lecture, three hours. General anthropological introduction to the closely linked civilizations of China, Korea, and Japan, providing a comparative analysis of fundamental institutions such as family, state, and religion and assessing effects of urbanization and industrialization.
175U. Cultures of the Indonesian Archipelago. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9 or consent of instructor. Introduction to past and contemporary civilizations and cultures of Indonesia, including Javanese, Balinese, Toraja, Dayak, and Minangkabau. Geographical, ecological, and historical overview with examination of such topics as religious and political ideas and institutions, art, symbolism and ritual, illness and healing, and psychological issues and themes.
175V. Ethnology of Korea: Re-Presenting Lives in Contemporary South Korea. Lecture, three hours. Examination of South Korea's contemporary structural positioning, with focus on its dynamic development out of a history of colonialism and war to capitalism; multiple and conflicting linkages of Korean people involving class, gender, family/kinship, and nation.
175W. Ideology and Social Change in Contemporary China. Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 9. Introduction to sociocultural changes in China from 1949 to the present. Topics include ideology and politics in everyday life, social stratification and mobility, cultural construction of socialist person, changes in courtship, marriage, and family, and political economy of reforms in post-Mao era. P/NP or letter grading.
176. Culture Area of the Middle East. Lecture, three hours. Study of the Middle East has suggested many theories as to developmental history of humankind, evolution of human society, birth of monotheism, and origin of agriculture, trade, and the city. Presentation of anthropological material relevant to understanding the Middle East as a culture area, and Islam as basis of its shared tradition.
177. Cultures of the Pacific. Four major culture areas of Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. General geographical features, prehistory, and language distribution of the whole region. Distinctive sociocultural features of each culture area presented in context of their adaptive significance.
180. Quantitative Methods in Anthropology. (Formerly numbered 186A.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 80 or equivalent. Methods of quantitative data analysis. Topics to be selected from linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate), principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, nonparametric tests, and log-linear models. Emphasis on computer-based applications of data analysis techinques.
182. History of Anthropology. Brief survey of development of Western social science, particularly anthropology, from Greek and Roman thought to emergence of evolutionary theory and concept of culture in the late 19th century. "Root paradigm'' of Western social science and its influence on such notables as Durkheim, Freud, Hall, Lombroso, Marx, Piaget, Terman, and others. Consideration of how this influences ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism, sexism, racism, perception of deviance, and our view of culture in general.
183. History of Archaeology. Prerequisite: at least one upper division archaeology course or consent of instructor. Development of world archaeology from the Renaissance to the present, stressing how each of the major branches of archaeology has evolved a special character determined by peculiarities of its own data, methods, and intellectual affiliation.
184. History of Human Evolutionary Theory. The men, events, and spirit of the time which mark man's attempts to understand his origins and diversity.
186. Models and Modeling in Anthropology. (Formerly numbered 186B.) Lecture, three hours. Modeling from both individual and social structure viewpoints. Introduction to four groups of models, along with ethnographic examples -- decision tree models, indifference curve and marginal cost models, adaptation and learning models, and information diffusion models.
186P. Models of Cultural Evolution. Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Requisite: course 7 or 10. Introduction to Darwinian models of cultural evolution. How organic evolution has shaped the capacity for culture. How processes of cultural transmission and modification explain cultural variation in space and time. P/NP or letter grading.
CM189A-CM189B. Theoretical Behavioral Ecology. (Formerly numbered M189A-M189B.) (Same as Biology CM189A-CM189B.) Lecture, three hours. Preparation: one upper division introduction to behavioral ecology course, one university-level mathematics course (preferably calculus or probability and statistics). Course CM189A is requisite to CM189B. Students expected to do simple algebra, elementary calculus, and probability. A rich body of mathematical theory describing the evolution of animal behavior exists. Introduction to this body of theory at a pace and mathematical level that allows students to grasp this information. Within each area of theory (e.g., kin selection, optimal foraging theory, etc.), presentation of basic corpus of models so that students understand assumptions that underlie the models, and how main results are derived. Presentations supplemented by a survey of results printed in the literature, especially those derived using more advanced methods.Concurrently scheduled with courses CM289A-CM289B.
C191. Writing for Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: course 9. Teaching of writing skills in various academic forms, including term papers, essay examinations, journal articles, and reports. Class projects require student writing and evaluation of professional writing. Emphasis on organization and presentation of a scholarly argument. Concurrently scheduled with course C291.
M196A-M196B. Contemporary Issues in Urban Poverty Research. (Same as Sociology M196A-M196B.) Lecture, three hours. Requisites: Honors Collegium 7A, 7B. Two-term research seminar designed to engage students in ongoing faculty research projects focusing on models of urban poverty and underclass behaviors. P/NP or letter grading.
197HA. Beginning Seminar. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: anthropology honors program standing, consent of instructor. Survey of major research strategies in anthropology to aid honors students in developing research proposals.
197HB. Field Methods. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: anthropology honors program standing, consent of instructor. Survey of major field methods in anthropology to prepare students to conduct their own field research.
197HC. Data Analysis. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: anthropology honors program standing, consent of instructor. Survey of major forms of data analysis in anthropology to aid honors students in analysis of their own research data.
197HD. Writing for Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: anthropology honors program standing, consent of instructor. Teaching of writing skills, with focus on how to write honors theses.
197K-197Z. Selected Topics in Anthropology (2 to 4 units each). Lecture or seminar, three hours. Study of selected topics of anthropological interest taught by resident and visiting faculty members. Consult Schedule of Classes for topics and instructors. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor. P/NP or letter grading.
199. Special Studies in Anthropology (2 to 8 units). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Eight units may be applied toward upper division anthropology courses required for the major.
Admission to all graduate courses is subject to consent of instructor and completion of appropriate course requirements (when so indicated). Graduate courses are normally nonrepetitive in content but may be repeated for credit with consent of instructor and graduate counselor.
200A-200B. Proseminars: Practice of Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Required of new graduate students. Discussion of anthropology as a four-field discipline and interconnections among the four major fields. Practice of anthropology as exemplified through faculty presentations of how research is conceived, formulated, and executed. Students develop individual research proposals. In Progress and S/U or letter grading.
200P. Cultural Anthropology Field Preparation. Seminar, three hours. Requisites: courses 200A-200B. Follows courses 200A-200B as field preparation for summer research for cultural anthropologists. Students develop specific research methods and present them in seminar. Practical issues (visas, community entry, health concerns) also addressed. S/U grading.
M201A-M201B. Graduate Core Seminars: Archaeology (6 units each). (Same as Archaeology M201A-M201B.) Seminar, three hours. Required of anthropology students in archaeology field. Seminar discussions based on carefully selected list of 30 to 40 major archaeology works. These core seminars provide students with foundation in breadth of knowledge required of a professional archaeologist. Archaeological historiography, survey of world archaeology, and archaeological techniques. Emphasis on appreciation of the multidisciplinary background of modern archaeology and relevant interpretative strategies. May be repeated for credit with consent of adviser.
202. Biological Anthropology Colloquium. Seminar, three hours. Selected topics on status of current research in biological anthropology. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
203A-203B-203C. Core Seminars: Sociocultural Anthropology. (Formerly numbered 203.) Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: two courses from 130, 135A, 150, or equivalent, or consent of instructor:
203A. Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Anthropology. Examination of the theoretical writings that shaped foundations of anthropology as a scholarly discipline. Consideration of writings of Durkheim, Weber, Marx, and others.
203B. Sociocultural Systems and Ethnography: Anthropology at Mid-Century. Recommended (but not prerequisite): course 203A. Examination of development of major schools of sociocultural thought during middle decades of the 20th century. Emphasis on formation of sociocultural theories, concepts, and methodologies found in contemporary anthropology.
203C. Scientific and Interpretive Frameworks in Contemporary Anthropology. Recommended (but not prerequisite): course 203B. Examination of selected contemporary works and issues in the field of sociocultural anthropology.
204. Core Seminar: Linguistic Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Theoretical and methodological foundations of study of language structure and language use from a sociocultural perspective. Discussion of linguistic, philosophical, psychological, and anthropological contributions to understanding of verbal communication as a social activity embedded in culture.
210. Analytical Methods in Archaeological Studies. Prerequisites: one term of statistics, consent of instructor. Data analysis procedures in archaeology. Emphasis on conceptual framework for analysis of archaeological data, beginning at level of the attribute and ending at level of the region.
M211. Regional Analysis in Archaeology. (Formerly numbered 211.) (Same as Archaeology M201C.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Course 210 is not prerequisite to M211. Survey of analytical methods used in archaeology to study prehistoric settlement systems. Specific issues include settlement distribution with respect to natural resources, settlement hierarchy, and patterns of exchange.
212P. Selected Topics in Hunter/Gatherer Archaeology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Prehistory and ethnohistory of hunter/gatherer peoples. Consideration of range of issues, including (but not limited to) technological innovations, exchange systems, settlement and mobility, and social change. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
212Q. Problems in Southwestern Archaeology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Consideration of prehistoric cultural systems in the American Southwest, with emphasis on description and explanation of organizational variability and change. Specific research questions vary with each course offering. May be repeated for credit.
212R. Problems in Oceanic Archaeology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Prehistory of Oceania. Content may vary, but problems considered include history and process of island occupation, island adaptation, and evolution of social stratification. May be repeated for credit.
M212S. Special Topics in Archaeology (6 units). (Same as Archaeology M205.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing in archaeology or in other departments. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor. Special advanced topics in archaeology such as new strategies, methodologies, excavation projects, regional synthesis, or comparisons on a worldwide basis, including current work by core faculty of the program and special visitors.
213. Selected Topics in Old World Archaeology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
214. Selected Topics in Prehistoric Civilizations of the New World. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations normally constitute major focus of seminar. May be repeated for credit.
215. Field Training in Archaeology (6 or 12 units). Lecture, two to three hours; fieldwork, eight to 10 (spring) or over 50 (summer) hours. Off-campus field archaeology course offered for six units in Spring Quarter and 12 units in Summer Quarter. Intensive training in archaeological excavation, mapping, surveying, recording, preliminary analysis of field data, and project organization/supervision. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
C215R. Strategy of Archaeology. Seminar, three hours; outside study, nine hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Introduction to problem formulation, theory, and method in archaeology, with emphasis on development of research designs. Focus on how archaeological research is conceived and planned, with consideration of differing viewpoints and their usefulness. Concurrently scheduled with course C115R. Complete research proposal required of graduate students.
M216. Dating Techniques in Environmental Sciences and Archaeology. (Same as Geography M278.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Colloquium devoted to topics in dating techniques in environmental sciences, archaeology, and biological anthropology, as well as laboratory instruction and experimental work. May be repeated for credit.
217. Explanation of Societal Change. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Examination of processes of societal evolution, emphasizing usefulness of a variety of explanatory models from general systems theory, ecology, anthropology, and other sources. Specific research questions vary with each course offering. May be repeated for credit.
218. Style and Ethnicity. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. How stylistic variation in material culture informs on and mediates the shape, boundaries, and interrelations of ethnic groups. Aimed primarily toward archaeologists and ethnographers, seminar also welcomes students specifically interested in either material culture or style as such.
219. Complex Hunters/Gatherers in Theoretical Perspective. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Examination of economic, political, and social foundations of complex hunter/gatherer societies, with focus on theory of emergence of complex cultural organization and recognition of complex middle-range societies in the archaeological record. Role of craft specialization in cultural evolution. S/U or letter grading.
220. Current Problems in Biological Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Detailed examination of current research in biological anthropology (specific topics to be announced). Emphasis on nature of hypotheses and their testing in ongoing student and faculty research. May be repeated for credit.
221A-221B. Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Examination and analysis of fossil evidence for man's evolution.
223P. Biology and Ecology of Foraging Peoples. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Detailed discussions of topical issues in study of foraging societies, including perspectives of cultural ecology and ethno-archaeology. Primary emphasis on theoretical and practical topics in human ecology and biology, including health and nutrition, growth and development, life history variables, foraging, and sex differences.
C226P. Introduction to Field Methods in Human Ecology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: upper division or graduate standing. Survey of methods used in anthropological investigations emphasizing human biology and human ecology. Study design, physical assessment of nutritional status, growth and maturation, demographic surveys, systematic observation of behavior, energy expenditure, subsistence ecology, data analysis. Demonstrations and labs. Course fee required. Concurrently scheduled with course C126P.
228P. Ecology of Human Reproduction. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Critical examination of current research concerning responsiveness of the human reproductive system to a variety of biobehavioral and ecological influences, including stress, exercise, nutrition, and disease. Influence of reproductive hormones on human behavior. Evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives. S/U or letter grading.
M229A. Seminar: Human Behavioral Ecology. (Same as Education M281A and Psychiatry M279A.) Seminar, one hour; discussion, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Examination of predictive models from animal behavioral ecology used to study human diet and subsistence; settlement patterns and territoriality; sharing and helping; reproduction and mortality. Comparison with other economic and ecological approaches in anthropology.
M229B. Seminar: Reproduction, Families, and Parenting. (Same as Education M281B and Psychiatry M279B.) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Guided forum for graduate students to discuss and broaden their studies of human reproduction and child rearing from varied viewpoints. Representation and debate of theories, questions, and methods from social and biological sciences.
M229C. Seminar: Selected Topics in Human Ethology. (Same as Education M281C and Psychiatry M279C.) Seminar, one hour; discussion, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Consideration of appropriateness and contributions of using animal behavior methodology in study of human behavior. Analysis: describing and recording behavior; causation; development, especially longitudinal studies; adaptation; evolutionary origins.
230P. Ethnology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Seminar on ethnological method and theory concentrating on ideational systems. May be repeated for credit.
230Q. Theories of Culture. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Exploration of aspects within culture theory: emergence of culture with modes of production, discovery of culture, and "cultural capital'' and cultural change. Investigation of production of culture and transformations of meaning within cultural domains of politics, economy, and religion. S/U or letter grading.
231. Asian Americans: Personality and Identity. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Effect of class, caste, and race on the Asian American personality within the framework of anthropological theories.
232Q. Myth and Ritual. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Nature and function of myth and ritual in nonindustrialized societies. Associated value systems and philosophies examined as infrastructure of culture rather than as phenomena proposed by structuralist rationalism and cultural material empiricism. May be repeated for credit.
M232R. South American Folklore and Mythology Studies. (Same as Folklore M257.) Prerequisite: course 174P or consent of instructor. Examination of oral traditions and related ethnological data from various South American Indian societies against the background of the religious systems of these people.
232T. Person, Self, and Identity in Contemporary Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Survey of anthropological literature on person, self, and identity. Conceptual and theoretical relationships among these terms and their use in contemporary ethnography. S/U or letter grading.
232V. Current Issues in Ethnography. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. S/U or letter grading.
233P. Symbolic Anthropology. Prerequisite: course 133R or consent of instructor. Nature of symbolic relations (as distinguished from other referential ones), significance of symbolic systems (in terms of action, cognition, affectivity, contemplation), symbolic and isomorphic logic (as opposed to the causal one) are among questions to be selected for analysis and discussion. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
233Q. Aesthetic Anthropology. Prerequisite: course 133R or consent of instructor. Selected questions concerning visual aesthetic phenomena in their relationships with the sociocultural context examined in depth. May be repeated for credit.
M234. Seminar: Psychocultural Studies. (Same as Psychiatry M210.) Seminar, three hours. Devoted to present state of research in psychocultural studies. Survey of work in child development and socialization, personality, psychobiology, transcultural psychiatry, deviance, learning, perception, cognition, and psychocultural perspectives on change.
M234P. Transcultural Psychiatry. (Same as Psychiatry M222.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Consideration of psychiatric topics in cross-cultural perspective, such as studies of drug use, deviance, suicide, homicide, behavioral disorders, "culture specific'' syndromes, non-Western psychiatries, and questions of "sick'' societies. May be repeated for credit.
M234Q. Psychological Anthropology. (Same as Psychiatry M272.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Various psychological issues in anthropology, both theoretical and methodological. Areas of interest include such things as culture and theory, culture and personality, and culture psychiatry. Discussion of questions relating to symbolic and unconsciousness process as they relate to culture. Topics vary from term to term. May be repeated for credit.
M234T. Anthropology of Human Body. (Same as Psychiatry M282.) Seminar, three hours. Exploration of how sociocultural and political dynamics shape perceptions of and understandings about the human body, and how, reciprocally, those perceptions and understandings influence social processes. Includes materials from both non-Western and Western societies.
M235. The Individual in Culture. (Formerly numbered M235A-M235B.) (Same as Psychiatry M213.) Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing.
M235S. Culture, Adaptation, and Intervention. (Same as Psychiatry M215.) Prerequisite: graduate standing. Role of ecological, social, and cultural influences on family adaptation, child competence, and interventions, including theory, empirical research, and applied/policy topics. Review and critique of current research in this field.
M236P. Cross-Cultural Studies of Socialization and Children. (Same as Psychiatry M214.) Seminar, three hours. Selected topics in cross-cultural study of socialization and child training. Methods, ethnographic data, and theoretical orientations. Emphasis on current research.
M236Q. Laboratory for Naturalistic Observations: Developing Skills and Techniques. (Same as Education M222A, Psychiatry M235, and Psychology M295.) Skill of observing and recording behavior in natural settings, with emphasis on field training and practice in observing behavior. Discussion of some uses of observations and their implications for research in social sciences. Students expected to integrate observational work into their current research interests.
M238. Native American Revitalization Movements. (Formerly numbered 238.) (Same as History M260C.) Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Examination of revitalization movements among native peoples of North America (north of Mexico). Specific revitalization includes Handsome Lake, 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dances, and Peyote Religion.
239P. Selected Topics in Field Ethnography (4 to 8 units). Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Discussion and practicum in various techniques for collecting and analyzing ethnographic field data. S/U or letter grading.
M241. Topics in Linguistic Anthropology. (Same as Linguistics M246C.) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Problems in relations of language, culture, and society. May be repeated for credit.
242. Ethnography of Communication. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Seminar devoted to examining representative scholarship from fields of sociolinguistics and ethnography of communication. Particular attention to theoretical developments including relationship of ethnography of communication to such disciplines as anthropology, linguistics, and sociology. Topical foci include style and strategy, speech variation, varieties of noncasual speech genres, languages and ethnicity, and nonverbal communication behavior.
243P. American Indian Ethnolinguistics and Sociolinguistics. Prerequisites: prior coursework in either anthropology, linguistics, or American Indian studies, consent of instructor. Social and cultural aspects of language use in Native North American speech communities. Specific foci include both micro-sociolinguistic topics (such as multilingualism, cultural differences regarding appropriate communicative behavior, and variation within speech communities) and macro-sociolinguistic topics (such as language contact, language change, and language in American Indian education). Graduate students conduct library and/or other research and participate in group discussion.
M243Q. Afro-American Sociolinguistics: Black English. (Same as Afro-American Studies M200D.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Basic information on Black American English, an important minority dialect in the U.S. Social implications of minority dialects examined from perspectives of their genesis, maintenance, and social functions. General problems and issues in fields of sociolinguistics examined through a case study approach. Students required to conduct research in consultation with instructor and participate in group discussion.
244. Field Methods in Linguistic Anthropology. Seminar, three hours; work with informant, one hour. Prerequisite: Linguistics 20 or prior experience in linguistic analysis. Practice in eliciting and transcribing linguistic data from native informants. Initial focus on phonetic transcription and phonological structures; introduction to skills and strategies pertinent to morphological, syntactic, and pragmatic analysis. Practice with native speakers of non-Indo-European languages is important aspect of student participation. S/U or letter grading.
245. Linguistic and Intracultural Variation. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Problem of variation as it impinges on disciplines of anthropology and linguistics. Among objectives of course are the following: to acknowledge importance of speech variation in anthropological linguistics research, to critically assess a broad and representative sample of modern scholarship devoted to study of intra-individual and interindividual variation, and to evaluate utility and potential applicability of recent linguistic models to anthropological linguistics and anthropological theory.
M246A. Grammar and Discourse. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M272.) Requisite: Teaching English as a Second Language 201. Survey of grammar- and discourse-based approaches to study of language as meaningful form. Topics include grammatical and indexical categories, referential and social indexicality, relation of syntax to semantics and pragmatics, markedness, universals, cultural and cognitive implications of language structure and use. S/U or letter grading.
M246B. Grammar and Discourse Practicum. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M273.) Requisite: course M246A. Survey of advanced topics in grammar and discourse, including predicates, arguments and grammatical relations, noun phrase categories, case marking, verbal categories, topic marking devices, registers and speech varieties, reported speech, genre and text structure in discourse. Presentation and analysis of data from range of languages. S/U or letter grading.
M247. Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M266.) Requisite: Teaching English as a Second Language 201. Detailed examination of specialized topics in semantics and pragmatics. Topics vary from year to year and may include metaphor, theories of reference and denotation, honorific speech, evidentiality, reported speech, etc. May be repeated for credit with topic change.
M249A-M249B. Ethnographic Methods in Discourse Analysis I, II. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M270A-M270B.) Two-term sequence on ethnographic approaches to recording and analyzing communicative events and practices in their sociocultural context, involving student-initiated fieldwork in a community setting. Emphasis on hands-on activities within theoretical frameworks that consider language as a social and cultural practice. S/U or letter grading. M249A. Devoted to skills related to collecting socially and culturally meaningful data. M249B. Requisite: course M249A. Devoted to production of ethnographic analysis, including how to present an analysis in form of a conference talk and how to develop an analysis into a grant or dissertation proposal.
M249P. Ethnographic Technologies Laboratory I. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M270P.) Corequisite: course M249A or Teaching English as a Second Language M270A. Hands-on mentorship in entering a community, obtaining informed consent, interviewing, note taking, and videorecording verbal interaction. S/U grading.
M249Q. Ethnographic Technologies Laboratory II. (Same as Teaching English as a Second Language M270Q.) Corequisite: course M249B or Teaching English as a Second Language M270B. Hands-on mentorship in editing ethnographic video footage, incorporating video frame grabs into transcript and analysis of verbal interaction, writing a grant proposal, and assembling a conference presentation. S/U grading.
250. Selected Topics in Social Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Intensive examination of current theoretical views and literature. S/U or letter grading.
251P. Cultural Ecology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
252P. Comparative Systems of Social Inequality. Seminar, three hours. Examination in historical and contemporary perspective of particular systems of structured social inequality based on rank, class, caste, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual preference, disability, etc., to develop a unified theory of social inequality. Examples from Asian, Pacific, European, African, and American cultures. S/U or letter grading.
252Q. Anthropology of Resistance. Lecture, one hour; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite: at least one upper division sociocultural anthropology course. Exploration of recent works in anthropology and other disciplines which address practice and resistance, as part of an effort to understand processes that have shaped modern and postcolonial society and culture.
253. Economic Anthropology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
253P. Technology and Economy. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Analysis of technological systems and patterns of technical evolution in context of corresponding social and economic change (e.g., in labor organization, kinship, property rights), using examples mainly from Asian peasant societies, past and present. S/U or letter grading.
254. Kinship. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
255. Comparative Political Institutions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit.
256. Anthropology of Conflict. Seminar, three hours. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor. Examination of events and institutions associated with large-scale or ongoing conflict in a variety of settings. Particular consideration to roots of violence, violent manifestations and cross-cultural misunderstandings, and nature and content of armed confrontation. S/U or letter grading.
260. Urban Anthropology. Prerequisite: course 167 or consent of instructor. Intensive anthropological examination of the urban setting as a human environment. S/U or letter grading.
261Q. Issues in Applied Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Use of seminar format to explore selected domestic and international problems from applied anthropological perspective. Consideration of history of applied anthropology, ethics, and careers strategies.
M262P. Culture and Human Reproduction. (Same as Community Health Sciences M240.) Lecture, two hours; discussion, two hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Exploration of human behavior related to reproduction. Cross-cultural exploration of biological and behavioral factors, with particular reference to human adaptation.
263P. Gender Systems. Discussion, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Current theoretical developments in understanding gender systems cross-culturally, with emphasis on relationship between systems of gender, economy, ideational systems, and social inequality. Selection of ethnographic cases from recent literature. S/U or letter grading.
M263Q. Advanced Seminar: Medical Anthropology. (Same as Community Health Sciences M244, Nursing M273, and Psychiatry M273.) Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Limited to 15 students. Examination of interrelationships between society, culture, ecology, health, and illness. Bases for written critical analysis and class discussion provided through key theoretical works.
265. Public Archaeology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Archaeology as part of the national heritage, both in the U.S. and other countries. Legal, ethical, cultural, and scholarly aspects of salvage and contact archaeology. Designed for researchers and managers of cultural resources.
M269. Contemporary Issues of the American Indian. (Same as American Indian Studies M200C and Sociology M275.) Introduction to most important issues facing American Indians as individuals, communities, tribes, and organizations in the contemporary world, building on historical background presented in American Indian Studies M200A and cultural and expressive experience of American Indians presented in American Indian Studies M200B.
M269P. Politics of Reproduction. (Same as Psychiatry M280.) Seminar, three hours. Examination of various ways that power, as it is structured and enacted in everyday activities, shapes human reproductive behavior. Case materials from diverse cultures illuminate how competing interests within households, communities, states, and institutions influence reproductive arrangements in society.
271. Contemporary Problems in Africa. (Formerly numbered 281P.) Seminar, three hours. Problematic issues in Africa in light of classical anthropological literature and recent work by anthropologists and other fieldworkers in Africa, with cases from eastern and southern Africa. S/U or letter grading.
M272. Indians of South America. (Same as Latin American Studies M250A.) Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Survey of literature and research topics related to Indian cultures of South America. May be repeated for credit.
273. Cultures of the Middle East. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Survey of literature and problems of various cultures of the Middle East.
274. Cultures of the Pacific Islands. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Topics in contemporary sociocultural anthropology and classic ethnography of Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. May be repeated for credit.
277. Aspects of Chinese Society. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Anthropological perspective on historical evolution of and contemporary changes in such key institutions of Chinese society as family, lineage, and associations, setting individuals and groups in the larger political, economic, and class framework of society and state. S/U or letter grading.
281. Selected Topics in History of Anthropology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Particular problems in history of anthropology as dictated by interests of students and faculty. May be repeated for credit.
282. Research Design in Cultural Anthropology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Primarily intended for graduate students preparing for fieldwork. Unique position of anthropology among the sciences and resulting problems for scientific research design. Review of typical research problems and appropriate methods. Students prepare their own research designs and present them for class discussion.
283. Formal Methods of Data Analysis in Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Current topics and issues related to formal analysis of data and representation of cultural constructs: formal models of kinship terminologies, structural models of cognitive systems, graph theoretic models of networks, models of decision making, hierarchical information systems, stability in complex adaptive systems. S/U or letter grading.
M284. Qualitative Research Methodology. (Same as Community Health Sciences M216.) Discussion, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Intensive seminar/field course in qualitative research methodology. Emphasis on using qualitative methods and techniques in research and evaluation related to health care.
285. Schools, Domains, and Strategies in World Archaeology. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Comparative examination of schools of world archaeology, contrasting their respective databases, research strategies, and relations to allied intellectual disciplines. Archaeologists from all departments are welcome, as are students interested in history or philosophy of science.
285P. Selected Topics in Anthropological/Archaeological Theory. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: graduate standing and/or consent of instructor. Variable topics course on important theoretical subjects in anthropology and archaeology. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
286P. Selected Topics in Computer Simulation and Modeling. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite: course 180 or consent of instructor. Applications of computer simulations and/or models to specific problem areas of interest to anthropologists. Problem areas rotate with each offering and include cognitive ecological, demographic evolutionary, and other theoretical foci. S/U or letter grading.
287. Poststructural Theories. Seminar, three hours. Prerequisites: graduate standing, consent of instructor. Examination of development and application of poststructural theories in anthropology by exploring interdisciplinary connections, especially as they concern the concept of culture, narrative, ethnographic writing, reflexivity, politics of representation, historicity, and study of the self, identity, and the body. S/U or letter grading.
287P. Anthropology and Colonialism. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Exploration of multifaceted nature of colonialism and its cultural manifestations in a variety of geographical areas. Reconsideration of history of anthropology for, as Talal Asad argues, "anthropology emerged as a distinctive discipline at the beginning of the colonial era.'' S/U or letter grading.
M287Q. Native American Historical Demography. (Formerly numbered 287Q.) (Same as History M260D.) Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Examination of population history of Native Americans north of Mexico prior to and following contacts with Europeans, Africans, and others, circa 1492. Emphasis on number of American Indians and other Native Americans, their decline following European contact, and their recent resurgence.
CM289A-CM289B. Theoretical Behavioral Ecology. (Same as Biology CM295A-CM295B.) Lecture, three hours. Preparation: one upper division introduction to behavioral ecology course, one university-level mathematics course (preferably calculus or probability and statistics). Course CM289A is requisite to CM289B. Students expected to do simple algebra, elementary calculus, and probability. A rich body of mathematical theory describing the evolution of animal behavior exists. Introduction to this body of theory at a pace and mathematical level that allows students to grasp this information. Within each area of theory (e.g., kin selection, optimal foraging theory, etc.), presentation of basic corpus of models so that students understand assumptions that underlie the models, and how main results are derived. Presentations supplemented by a survey of results printed in the literature, especially those derived using more advanced methods. Concurrently scheduled with courses CM189A-CM189B.
C291. Writing for Anthropology. Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Teaching of writing skills in various academic forms, including term papers, essay examinations, journal articles, and reports. Class projects require student writing and evaluation of professional writing. Emphasis on organization and presentation of a scholarly argument. Concurrently scheduled with course C191. Graduate students expected to prepare a higher level of the scholarly research paper. S/U or letter grading.
292. Making Oral Presentations. Lecture/student presentations, two hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. How to organize and present seminar reports, papers at scholarly conferences, and lectures to professional audiences. Opportunity for students to develop their speaking skills through actual practice in workshop atmosphere of mutual support and constructive criticism. S/U grading.
297. Selected Topics in Anthropology. Seminar, three hours. Designed for graduate students. Study of selected topics of anthropological interest. Consult Schedule of Classes for topics and instructors. May be repeated for credit. S/U or letter grading.
375. Teaching Apprentice Practicum (1 to 4 units). Preparation: apprentice personnel employment as a teaching assistant, associate, or fellow. Teaching apprenticeship under active guidance and supervision of a regular faculty member responsible for curriculum and instruction at the University. May be repeated for credit. S/U grading.
495. Teaching Anthropology (2 to 4 units). Seminar/workshop, three hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Required of all new teaching assistants. Workshop/seminar in teaching techniques, including evaluation of each student's own performance as a teaching assistant. Four-day workshop precedes beginning of term, followed by 10-week seminar during term designed to deal with problems and techniques of teaching anthropology. Unit credit may be applied toward full-time equivalence but not toward nine-course requirement for M.A. S/U grading.
501. Cooperative Program (2 to 8 units). Prerequisite: consent of UCLA adviser and graduate dean, and host campus instructor, department chair, and graduate dean. Used to record enrollment of UCLA students in courses taken under cooperative arrangements with USC. S/U grading.
596. Individual Studies for Graduate Students (2 to 8 units). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Directed individual studies. S/U or letter grading.
597. Preparation for Ph.D. Qualifying Examinations (2 to 12 units).
598. Research for and Preparation of M.A. Thesis (2 to 8 units). Prerequisite: consent of instructor (faculty adviser). Preparation of research data and writing of M.A. thesis. S/U grading.
599. Research for Ph.D. Dissertation (2 to 12 units). Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Ph.D. dissertation research or writing. Students must have completed qualifying examinations and ordinarily take no other coursework.