College of Letters and Science

Brian P. Copenhaver, Provost

" `The Idea of a Multiversity' is a city of infinite variety. Some get lost in the city; some rise to the top within it; most fashion their lives within one of its subcultures. . . . It offers . . . a vast range of choices, enough literally to stagger the mind. In this range of choices . . . (one) encounters the opportunities and the dilemma of freedom."

Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University

With over 23,425 students and 800 faculty, UCLA's College of Letters and Science is the largest academic unit in the UC system. Underscoring the "multiversity" concept, its four academic divisions of humanities, physical sciences, social sciences, and life sciences provide the framework for more than 100 majors leading to the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science as well as to master's and doctoral degrees.

The undergraduate programs in the college stress a "liberal arts education" which brings together perspectives from many fields in a unified approach to learning. Students learn some of the ways issues are analyzed, questions posed, and knowledge organized. After sampling many general subjects, they concentrate on one field or subject and are required to pursue it rigorously and in depth, according to the standards of scholars in the field. When they reach the graduate level, they will pose their own questions, analyze academic issues of their own making and, through their research, participate in the creation of knowledge.

The primary units of the College of Letters and Science are the academic departments which are grouped in four divisions: humanities, life sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences. Each division is headed by a dean who reports directly to the provost.

In addition to departmental advising, the Division of Honors and Undergraduate Programs includes a network of student assistance within its components: College Counseling Service, Honors Programs, and Academic Advancement Program.

Humanities

The division's mission is to promote, through scholarly inquiry and transmission of ideas, sensitive, imaginative, and rigorous reflection on the human condition and to engage in thoughtful reflection on those deep and abiding questions that relate to what it is to be human. Faculty and students reflect on art, literature, philosophy, and other expressions of the human spirit, each of which deepens their understanding. The instructional goal is to engage students in this inquiry -- to further their knowledge and competence to express themselves clearly, rigorously, with style and originality.

Programs in the humanities range from teaching the craft of composition in writing programs, to developing an appreciation of profound philosophical thinkers and writers from Asia, the Near East, Europe, England, and America. Pauline R. Yu is the divisional dean.

Life Sciences

Faculty and students in the division play an essential role in unlocking the secrets and mechanisms of life at the most fundamental level. The geography of Southern California is very conducive to life sciences research. An area as ecologically rich and diverse as Southern California is a natural laboratory for environmental physiologists and plant and animal ecologists.

Scientists in biology, microbiology and molecular genetics, and molecular biology conduct research in cell and developmental biology. Neurochemists, neurophysiologists, psychobiologists, and behavior biologists research the underlying mechanism of the neural basis of behavior. Physiological scientists examine the regulation of human movement, neural control of breathing, and environmental conditions such as weightlessness, which affect bone and muscle structure and function. Cognitive scientists are concerned with the nature of knowledge -- how people learn, remember, associate, and think, and how computers relate to thought processes. Frederick A. Eiserling is the divisional dean.

Physical Sciences

The division's departments present the results of mankind's efforts to understand the physical aspects of the natural sciences, which include the study and understanding of the properties and characteristics of matter and energy; the science of numbers and order; studies of the origin and structure of the universe, solar system, and Earth; and climatic change. The bases for the physical sciences are the fundamental laws and proof of mathematics, chemistry, and physics. Studies in the physical sciences are experimental, theoretical, and observational.

Faculty and students are interested in such topics as the nature and evolution of the galaxies; ozone depletion; nuclear winter; greenhouse effect; molecular recognition, interactions, design, synthesis, and structure; evolution of life and the continents; computational mathematics and symbolic logic; superconducting materials; plasma fusion, space plasmas; and high-energy accelerator physics. Roberto Peccei is the divisional dean.

Social Sciences

The division's departments are guided by the ideal of creating a deeper understanding of cultures and heritages and helping young people make sense of the rapidly changing world. By studying and comparing diverse cultures with their own, students gain self-knowledge and global awareness.

Anthropology students study human communities and social systems, archaeological records, and artifacts. Communication studies students learn about the mass media of today and their technological advances, social uses, and abuses. Leading economists investigate the applications of economic principles to business decisions. The geographic purview extends from studying the effects of location on human behavior to the Earth's ecosystem. Courses in history bring about understanding of the forces that have shaped the many societies and cultures of this country and the world. Political scientists study the motivations of political behavior and the relations between today's superpowers. UCLA sociologists examine subjects ranging from the everyday interaction of people to the complexities of social organizations. Scott L. Waugh is the divisional dean.

Majors and Degrees Offered

African Area Studies (M.A.)

African Languages (B.A.)

Afro-American Studies (B.A., M.A.)

American Indian Studies (M.A.)

American Literature and Culture (B.A.)

Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations (B.A.)

Anthropology (B.A., B.S., M.A., Ph.D.)

Applied Linguistics (C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Applied Mathematics (B.S.)

Arabic (B.A.)

Archaeology (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Art History (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.)

Asian American Studies (B.A., M.A.)

Astronomy (M.S., M.A.T., Ph.D.)

Astrophysics (B.S.)

Atmospheric Sciences (B.S., M.S., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Biochemistry (B.S., M.S., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Biology (B.S., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Business Economics (B.A.)

Cell and Molecular Biology (B.S.)

Chemistry (B.S., M.S., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Chemistry/Materials Science (B.S.)

Chicana and Chicano Studies (B.A.)

Chinese (B.A.)

Classical Civilization (B.A.)

Classics (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Cognitive Science (B.S.)

Communication Studies (B.A.)

Comparative Literature (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Cybernetics (B.S.)

Development Studies (B.A.)

Earth Sciences (B.A.)

East Asian Languages and Cultures (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

East Asian Studies (B.A.)

Economics (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Economics/International Area Studies (B.A.)

Economics/System Science (B.S.)

English (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

English/Greek (B.A.)

English/Latin (B.A.)

European Studies (B.A.)

Folklore and Mythology (M.A., Ph.D.)

French (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

French and Linguistics (B.A.)

General Chemistry (B.S.)

General Mathematics (B.S.)

General Physics (B.A.)

Geochemistry (M.S., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Geography (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Geography/Environmental Studies (B.A.)

Geology (B.S., M.S., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Geology -- Engineering Geology (B.S.)

Geology -- Paleobiology (B.S.)

Geophysics -- Applied Geophysics (B.S.)

Geophysics and Space Physics (B.S., M.S., Ph.D.)

German (B.A.)

Germanic Languages (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Greek (B.A., M.A.)

Greek and Latin (B.A.)

Hebrew (B.A.)

Hispanic Languages and Literatures (C.Phil., Ph.D.)

History (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

History/Art History (B.A.)

Indo-European Studies (C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Iranian Studies (B.A.)

Islamic Studies (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Italian (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Italian and Special Fields (B.A.)

Japanese (B.A.)

Jewish Studies (B.A.)

Latin (B.A., M.A.)

Latin American Studies (B.A., M.A.)

Linguistics (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Linguistics and Anthropology (B.A.)

Linguistics and Computer Science (B.A.)

Linguistics and East Asian Languages and Cultures (B.A.)

Linguistics and English (B.A.)

Linguistics and French (B.A.)

Linguistics and Italian (B.A.)

Linguistics and Philosophy (B.A.)

Linguistics and Psychology (B.A.)

Linguistics and Scandinavian Languages (B.A.)

Linguistics and Spanish (B.A.)

Mathematics (B.S., M.A., M.A.T., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Mathematics/Applied Science (B.S.)

Mathematics of Computation (B.S.)

Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (B.S., M.A., Ph.D.)

Molecular Biology (Ph.D.)

Musicology (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Near Eastern Studies (B.A.)

Neuroscience (B.S.)

Philosophy (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Physics (B.S., M.S., M.A.T., Ph.D.)

Physiological Science (B.S., M.S., Ph.D.)

Political Science (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Portuguese (B.A., M.A.)

Psychobiology (B.S.)

Psychology (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Public Administration (M.P.A.)

Religion, Study of (B.A.)

Romance Linguistics and Literature (M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Russian Language and Literature (B.A.)

Russian Studies (B.A.)

Scandinavian (M.A.)

Scandinavian Languages (B.A.)

Slavic Languages and Literatures (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Sociology (B.A., M.A., C.Phil., Ph.D.)

Spanish (B.A., M.A.)

Spanish and Linguistics (B.A.)

Spanish and Portuguese (B.A.)

Teaching English as a Second Language (M.A.)

Women's Studies (B.A.)

Undergraduate Study

The degree programs in the College of Letters and Science are designed to expose students to a variety of intellectual challenges by combining a wide distribution of courses and the opportunity to specialize in one particular field. To this end, you are required to select lower division courses that deal with the general foundations of human knowledge. In upper division courses you are relatively free to concentrate attention on one field of interest: your major.

You are expected to select a major by the beginning of your junior year. This may be a program of related upper division courses within a single department (departmental major) or a group of related courses involving a number of departments (interdepartmental major) or, under certain circumstances, a group of courses selected to meet your special need (individual major). Preparation for a major often requires prior completion of courses known as "requisites."

Counseling Services

The College Counseling Service is located in A316 Murphy Hall. Staff members are specially trained to assist you with questions pertaining to academic regulations and procedures, selection of courses, and the many options and alternatives available to enhance your university education.

Some questions can be answered at the college information window or by calling (310) 825-1965. If you would like to confer with a counselor or counseling assistant (CA) regarding overall degree requirements, academic difficulty, program planning, or assistance in selecting a major, you can arrange an appointment at the information window. Group counseling sessions on a variety of academic issues are offered throughout the year.

For information on the ASK peer counselors, Orientation, and College Tutorial Services, see the Undergraduate Study section of this catalog.

Your Major

Most entering freshmen are unsure about specific academic goals and request to be admitted to the college as "undeclared." These students then explore fields of study by taking introductory courses in the physical and life sciences, social sciences, and humanities in search of an area that most excites their interest.

All students with 90 or more units toward a degree are expected to declare a premajor or a major. When you are ready to do so, obtain approval on a Petition for Declaration of Major from the department or interdepartmental degree committee which governs your intended major.

You can obtain help with your academic planning from a variety of resources, including the College Counseling Service in A316 Murphy Hall (310-825-1687 or 825-1965) and the Placement and Career Planning Center (310-825-2981). In addition, faculty members and counselors in each college department are available to discuss in detail the courses and programs in their respective fields.

Assessing Progress Toward Your Degree

One of your responsibilities as a UCLA student includes a regular monitoring of all requirements necessary for the degree. It is imperative that you read this catalog carefully and consult regularly with the Letters and Science counseling staff for confirmation of the requirements you need. Departmental counselors can advise you regarding progress and completion of your major requirements. It is important that you maintain an accurate assessment of progress toward your degree by utilizing departmental and College Counseling Service resources. To assist you in your degree planning, the College Counseling Service provides computerized Degree Progress Reports (DPRs) on request.

Minimum Progress

UCLA is a full-time institution, and it is expected that students will complete their undergraduate degree requirements promptly. The recommended study load for an undergraduate in the College of Letters and Science is 12 to 16 units per term. Normal progress (toward graduation in four years) may be defined as the completion of 45 units per year.

According to Academic Senate regulations, Letters and Science undergraduates who do not pass at least 36 units during any three consecutive terms will be placed on probation, and students who do not pass at least 32 units during three consecutive terms will be subject to disqualification from registration at the University. Exceptions may be granted by the college due to poor health, family responsibilities, or regular employment of 20 hours per week or more.

Majors

A major in the College of Letters and Science consists of at least nine and no more than 15 upper division courses (between 36 and 60 units). All courses applied toward the major and preparation for the major must be taken for a letter grade unless otherwise stipulated by the department. If you have been away from the University for several terms, you should consult with your major department or curriculum adviser concerning the requirements under which you will graduate.

There are three categories of majors in the College of Letters and Science: departmental majors, interdepartmental majors, and individual majors.

Departmental Majors

A departmental major consists of a group of related upper division courses, of which at least six courses are in one department. These majors are supervised by established campus departments. There are 88 departmental majors currently offered by the college.

Interdepartmental Majors

An interdepartmental major consists of at least 13 related upper division courses, of which no more than eight are in one department. These programs are administered by interdepartmental committees made up of faculty whose membership is determined by research interest, not by departmental affiliation. By cutting across the usual lines of departmental division, a subject area is studied from the perspectives of different disciplines and a greater degree of program flexibility is achieved.

The College of Letters and Science currently offers 25 interdepartmental majors. Although most lead to bachelor's degrees, there are some which lead to graduate degrees only. Check the list of majors and degrees for the programs which interest you.

African Area Studies

Afro-American Studies

American Indian Studies

Applied Linguistics

Archaeology

Asian American Studies

Chemistry/Materials Science

Communication Studies

Comparative Literature

Cybernetics

Development Studies

East Asian Studies

Economics/System Science

European Studies

Folklore and Mythology

History/Art History

Indo-European Studies

Islamic Studies

Latin American Studies

Molecular Biology

Near Eastern Studies

Neuroscience

Religion, Study of

Romance Linguistics and Literature

Women's Studies

You can find a detailed description of each of these majors under their respective heading in the Curricula and Courses section of this catalog.

Individual Majors

If you have some unusual but definite academic interest for which no suitable major is offered at the University and you have completed at least three terms of work (nine courses) at the University with a grade-point average of 3.4 or better, you may plan an individual major. The consent of the Division of Honors and Undergraduate Programs and the assistance of a faculty adviser are required.

The major should consist of at least 12 and no more than 15 upper division courses, a majority of which are in departments offering a major in the college. A senior thesis is required. The title of the major will be entered in the memoranda column of your official transcript and, at your request, printed on your diploma (up to a maximum of 70 characters). If you do not elect to have the title printed or if it is longer than 70 characters, your diploma will read "Individual Field of Concentration." For further details about individual majors, contact the Honors Programs Office in A311 Murphy Hall (310-825-1553).

Life Sciences Core Curriculum

Students who wish to study life sciences have a choice of six majors, all of which lead to a Bachelor of Science degree: biology, cell and molecular biology, microbiology and molecular genetics, neuroscience, physiological science, and psychobiology. This choice reflects the diversity of undergraduate instruction in life sciences at UCLA. Despite this diversity, all of these majors require a common core of introductory courses which forms the foundation for any study of life sciences and which is required for more advanced courses in each major. The common core includes courses in chemistry, physics, and mathematics, as well as introductory courses in evolution and biodiversity, cellular and organismal biology, molecular biology, and genetics. During the first two years, students may also gain experience in a research laboratory through the Student Research Program. For more information on each major, see the individual departmental listings. For additional information on the life sciences core curriculum, see the website http://www.lifesci.ucla.edu/lscore.

If you are considering one of the life sciences majors, you are encouraged to declare a major as early as possible, even in your first year. In this way, you are identified by the life sciences advising offices and receive important curricular and other information. Because the core curriculum prepares you for any of the six majors, you have the flexibility to switch to another life sciences major at any time during your progression through the core curriculum. Note: The biology and psychobiology majors may require some courses in addition to the life sciences core curriculum as part of the preparation. Consult the course requirements for both majors.

Required: Life Sciences 1, 2, 3, 4; Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11CL, 132A, 132B/132BL; Mathematics 3A, 3B, and 3C, or 31A, 31B, and 32A; Physics 6A, 6B, and 6C, or 8A/8AL, 8B/8BL, 8C/8CL, and 8D/8DL.

All core curriculum courses must be passed with a grade of C - or better and must be completed with an overall grade-point average of 2.0 or better. If you receive a grade of D or F in two core curriculum courses, either in separate courses or repetitions of the same course, you are subject to dismissal from the major.

Transfer students with 80 or more units must complete the following courses prior to admission to UCLA: one year of general biology for majors equivalent to Life Sciences 1, 2, and 3; one year of general chemistry with laboratory; one year of calculus; and either one year of calculus-based physics or one year of organic chemistry.

Returning Students and Their Majors

If you return to the University to resume your studies after an absence of several years, you may find your previous major area of study no longer available. You then must select a current major in which to complete your studies. Consult the College Counseling Service for assistance.

Minors

The college is planning to offer minors in the 1995-96 academic year. For information about minors, contact your academic counselor.

Supplemental Programs

You may choose from 12 different programs which are not degree-granting majors, but are sequences of supplemental courses designed to enhance your work in certain areas. Each of these specializations must be taken jointly with an organized departmental or interdepartmental major:

African Studies

Asian American Studies

Business and Administration

Chicana and Chicano Studies

Computing, Specialization in (anthropology, cybernetics, economics, geography, linguistics, mathematics, psychology, sociology)

Diversified Liberal Arts

Education

International Relations

Labor and Workplace Studies

Organizational Studies

Urban Studies

Women's Studies

Detailed descriptions of the programs (except specialization in computing) are given under their respective headings in the Curricula and Courses section of this catalog. For descriptions of the specialization in computing, refer to the majors listed in parentheses above.

Student Research Program

For information on the Student Research Program (SRP), see Alternative Academics in the Undergraduate Study section of this catalog.

Double Majors

If you are in good academic standing, you may be permitted to have a double major consisting of departmental majors from two departments within this college. They must both be completed within the maximum limit of 228 units, and you must obtain the approval of both departments.

With few exceptions, double majors in the same department are unacceptable. You must designate one of the two majors as the principal one for the purpose of satisfying general education requirements. No more than five upper division courses may be common to both majors.

Courses outside the division of the principal major which are required in preparation for that major may be used to satisfy general education requirements. Courses required for the secondary major (including preparation for the major) also may satisfy general education requirements.

Changing Your Major

If you are in good academic standing and wish to change your major, you may petition to do so provided you can complete the new major within the 216-unit limit (228 for double majors and special programs). Petitions must be submitted to and approved by the department or committee in charge of the new major. Admission to certain majors may be closed or restricted; changes are normally not permitted if you are on probation or have begun your last term.

If you fail to attain a grade-point average of 2.0 (C) in preparation for the major or major courses, you may be denied the privilege of entering or continuing in that major. Some departments may have higher grade-point requirements for their preparation and major courses; consult the appropriate department regarding minimum standards.

The Study List

The required study load for undergraduate students in the College of Letters and Science is 12 to 16 units (three to four courses) per term. For exceptions, see Minimum Progress earlier in this section. Three courses are often recommended for students in the first term of the freshman year. All other students may carry four and one-half courses (18 units) without petition. After the first term, you may petition to enroll in as many as five courses if you attained at least a B average the preceding term in a program of at least three graded courses. First-term transfer students from any other campus of the University may carry excess Study Lists on the same basis as students who have completed one or more terms at UCLA; however, they are not encouraged to do so.

Requirements for Bachelor's Degrees

Each student must meet three types of requirements for the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree: University requirements, college requirements, and department requirements (including preparation for the major and major requirements). For details on department requirements, see the department and major of your choice.

Structure of a Degree

Three types of degree requirements are included within the 180-unit minimum/216- or 228-unit maximum limits for the bachelor's degree:

University Requirements

(1) Subject A or English as a Second Language (ESL)

(2) American History and Institutions

College Requirements

(1) English Composition or ESL Composition

(2) Quantitative Reasoning

(3) Foreign Language

(4) General Education Course Requirements

Department Requirements

(1) Preparation for the Major

(2) Major Requirements

Electives

The remaining units, defined as electives, are courses which vary according to your interests and goals. When selecting your courses, keep the following degree criteria in mind:

Scholarship

You must attain an overall 2.0 minimum grade-point average in the 180/216 or 228 units required and must satisfy the scholarship requirements of your major department (usually a 2.0 average in the preparation and major courses, but it may be higher in the former, according to departmental requirements).

Academic Residence Requirement

See Academic Residence Requirements below.

Upper Division Unit Requirement

At least 72 units (18 courses) must be upper division (numbered 100-199).

University Requirements

For information on the Subject A or English as a Second Language (ESL) and American History and Institutions requirements, see Undergraduate Degree Requirements in the Undergraduate Study section of this catalog.

College Requirements

The College of Letters and Science has eight requirements which must be satisfied for the award of the degree: unit, major, scholarship, academic residence, English composition, quantitative reasoning, foreign language, and general education course requirements.

Unit Requirements

You must satisfactorily complete for credit a minimum of 180 units (45 courses) for the bachelor's degree. At least 72 units (18 courses) of the 180 units must be upper division (numbered 100-199). A maximum of 216 (228 for double majors and special programs) units is allowed. If you have advanced placement (transfer) credit, you may exceed the unit maximum by the amount of that credit.

Scholarship and Major Requirements

You must attain at least a 2.0 (C) grade-point average in all courses undertaken at this University for receipt of the bachelor's degree. You must also attain a 2.0 GPA in a major and satisfy both the course and scholarship requirements of that major (including preparation for the major) in the College of Letters and Science.

Academic Residence Requirements

Sixty-eight of the last 80 units completed for the degree must be earned in residence in the college. No more than 16 of the 68 units may be completed in UCLA Summer Sessions. While enrolled in the college you must complete at least 10 upper division courses (40 units), including six courses in the major. These academic residence requirements apply to all students, both continuing and transfer.

English Composition Requirement

Note: You must complete the University's Subject A or English as a Second Language (ESL) requirement prior to completing the college's English Composition requirement.

You may satisfy the English Composition requirement by taking one course from English 3, 4, Humanities 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D. The course must be taken for a letter grade, and you must receive at least a C; a grade of C - is not acceptable. Humanities 2A, 2B, 2C, or 2D may be applied toward the humanities general education requirements; English 3 or 4 may not be applied.

The composition requirement may also be satisfied by scoring 4 or 5 on one of the College Board Advanced Placement Tests in English or by passing the English 3 Proficiency Examination. Students scoring 660 or better on the SAT II Subject Test in Writing are eligible for this proficiency examination.

You must satisfy the composition requirement within your first three terms in residence.

Transfer Students. You may take the English 3 Proficiency Examination (1) if you have completed a transferable English composition course with a Passed grade rather than a letter grade or (2) if you have completed, with a grade of C or better, a college-level English composition course that the Office of Undergraduate Admissions and Relations with Schools does not accept as equivalent to English 3. Like eligible freshmen, you must register for the examination in the Writing Programs Office, 271 Kinsey Hall, before the first day of enrollment for the term.

If you have credit for 90 or more units and have not satisfied the requirement, you are expected to include an acceptable composition course on your Study List during your first term in residence in the college. If you are required to take English 2 to satisfy the Subject A requirement, you should, on completion of that requirement, take an acceptable composition course in your second term in residence.

English as a Second Language (ESL) Students. If your native language is not English, you may satisfy the English Composition requirement by completing English as a Second Language 36 with a grade of C or better (C - or a Passed grade is not acceptable). Admission into course 36 is determined by completion of course 35 with a passing grade or proficiency demonstrated on the English as a Second Language Placement Examination (ESLPE).

Quantitative Reasoning and Foreign Language Requirements

In the College of Letters and Science you must demonstrate basic skills in quantitative reasoning and satisfy the foreign language requirement.

Note: All courses taken to satisfy these requirements must be completed with a grade of Passed or C or better. SAT I and II scores have been converted to a new scale effective April 1995.

Quantitative Reasoning. May be satisfied by achieving an SAT I mathematics score of 600 or better, a mathematics subject test score of 550 or better, or by completing one of the following courses: Anthropology 80; Biostatistics 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D; Computer Science 10C, 10F; Economics 40; Geography 40; Mathematics 1 (recommended only for students continuing into calculus), 2, or any higher numbered course except 38A, 38B, and 104; Philosophy 31; Political Science 6; Program in Computing 10A, 10B, 10C; Sociology 18, 109A; Statistics 50.

Foreign Language. May be satisfied by one of the following methods: (1) completing a college-level foreign language course equivalent to UCLA's level three or above OR (2) scoring 3, 4, or 5 on the College Board Advanced Placement (AP) foreign language examination in French, German, or Spanish, thereby earning college credit OR (3) presenting a UCLA foreign language departmental examination score indicating competency through level three (consult the Schedule of Classes for times and places of these regularly scheduled examinations).

If you wish to demonstrate proficiency in a language which is taught in a UCLA department but for which there is no scheduled examination, contact the appropriate department to arrange for one. If you wish to take an examination in a language not taught at UCLA, contact the College Counseling Service.

The following language courses may be used to fulfill the foreign language requirement:

African Languages (Linguistics) 1A-1B-1C (Swahili); 7A-7B-7C (Zulu); 11A-11B-11C (Yoruba); 31A-31B-31C (Bambara); 41A-41B-41C (Hausa); 51A-51B-51C (Amharic)

Afrikaans (Germanic Languages) 105A, 105B

Ancient Near East (Near Eastern Languages) 120A-120B-120C (Ancient Egyptian); 140A-140B-140C (Sumerian)

Arabic (Near Eastern Languages) 1A-1B-1C

Armenian (Near Eastern Languages) 101A-101B-101C, or 130A-130B and 131A

Berber (Near Eastern Languages) 101A-101B-101C

Bulgarian (Slavic Languages) 103A-103B-103C

Chinese (East Asian Languages) 1, 2, 3

Czech (Slavic Languages) 102A-102B-102C

Dutch (Germanic Languages) 103A-103B, 103C

French 1, 2, 3

German (Germanic Languages) 1, 2, 3

Greek (Classics) 1, 2, 3

Hebrew (Near Eastern Languages) 1A-1B-1C or 10A-10B-10C

Hungarian (Germanic Languages) 101A, 101B, 101C

Indigenous Languages of the Americas (Linguistics) 18A-18B-18C (Quechua)

Iranian (Near Eastern Languages) 1A-1B-1C (Persian)

Italian 1, 2, 3

Japanese (East Asian Languages) 1, 2, 3

Korean (East Asian Languages) 1, 2, 3

Latin (Classics) 1, 2, and 3, or 16 (Summer Sessions course)

Lithuanian (Slavic Languages) 101A-101B-101C

Polish (Slavic Languages) 102A-102B-102C

Portuguese (Spanish and Portuguese) 1, 2, 3

Romanian (Slavic Languages) 101A-101B-101C

Russian (Slavic Languages) 1, 2, and 3, or 11A-13B (two units each)

Scandinavian 1, 2, 3 (Swedish); 11, 12, 13 (Norwegian); 21, 22, 23 (Danish)

Semitics (Near Eastern Languages) 140A-140B, 141 (Akkadian)

Serbo-Croatian (Slavic Languages) 103A-103B-103C

Spanish (Spanish and Portuguese) 1, 2, 3

Turkic Languages (Near Eastern Languages) 101A-101B-101C (Turkish); 111A-111B-111C (Uzbek)

Ukrainian (Slavic Languages) 101A-101B-101C

Yiddish (Germanic Languages) 101A, 101B, 101C

General Education (GE) Course Requirements

The general education requirements of the college are intended to introduce undergraduates to the richness and diversity of the various academic disciplines. Within the four major divisions of the college -- humanities, physical sciences, social sciences, and life sciences -- you are encouraged to explore the different possibilities for further university study. Whether or not you have a specific educational goal, general education requirements are designed to broaden your intellectual perspective and to set you on the path to becoming an educated member of society.

The set of GE course requirements you will follow are specified on the list labeled Courses to Fulfill GE Requirements. You must earn units in four courses in the humanities (literature, philosophy, language and linguistics, culture and civilization, the arts), three courses in the physical sciences, four in the social sciences (two from historical analysis and two from social analysis), and three courses in the life sciences. In the humanities, at least one course must be from literature and no more than two may be from any single subgroup. In the physical sciences, two courses must be complementary and one must include a laboratory and/or demonstration component. In the life sciences, one course must include a laboratory and/or demonstration component.

All students entering UCLA in Fall Quarter 1995 with 45 or more quarter units are not required to complete the complementary course requirement in physical sciences.

Courses required to satisfy the major or other courses taken in the major department may not be used to satisfy the general education requirements. However, courses outside the major which are required as preparation for a major may be used to satisfy these requirements.

Course Exemptions. Students majoring in the humanities are exempt from two courses, one in their major subgroup and one other humanities course. Students majoring in the physical sciences are exempt from two courses in the physical sciences group. Students in the social sciences are exempt from two courses in the subgroup of their major, and students in life sciences are exempt from two courses in the life sciences grouping. At least 14 courses (12, with exemptions) must be completed.

Course Substitutions. Two lower division seminars which have been approved for GE credit may be substituted for courses on the Courses to Fulfill GE Requirements list. You may make no more than one such substitution per group (humanities, physical sciences, social sciences, life sciences). An annual list of GE seminars is published in the General Education Handbook, and descriptions are listed in the quarterly Schedule of Classes under Seminars and Special Programs for Undergraduates.

Advanced Placement Credit. For application of advanced placement (AP) credit on the general education requirements, see the Advanced Placement chart or consult the College Counseling Service.

Reciprocity with Other UC Campuses. Students who transfer to UCLA from other UC campuses and have met all general education requirements prior to enrolling at UCLA are not required to complete the college's GE requirements at UCLA. Written verification from the college dean at the other UC campus is required. Consult a Letters and Science counselor regarding your eligibility for this option.

Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum. Transfer students from California community colleges have the option to fulfill UCLA's lower division general education requirements by completing the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) prior to transfer. The curriculum consists of a series of subject areas and types of courses which have been agreed on by the University of California and the California community colleges. Although general education or transfer core courses are graduation requirements rather than admission requirements, you are advised to fulfill them prior to transfer. The IGETC significantly eases the transfer process, as all of UCLA's general education requirements are fulfilled when you complete it. If you select the IGETC, you must complete it entirely before enrolling at UCLA. Otherwise, you must fulfill the College of Letters and Science general education requirements.

General Education Groupings by Major

For the purpose of these requirements, departmental and interdepartmental majors are classified in the divisions listed below. Not all courses within a department apply on GE requirements in the division of the major (e.g., psychology is listed as a life science; however, Psychology 10 appears as a social science under social analysis).

(A) Humanities

A1: Literature

African Languages

American Literature and Culture

Arabic

Chinese

English

English/Greek

English/Latin

French

German

Greek

Greek and Latin

Hebrew

Italian (including Italian and Special Fields)

Japanese

Latin

Portuguese

Russian Language and Literature

Scandinavian Languages

Slavic Languages and Literatures

Spanish

Spanish and Portuguese

A2: Philosophy

Philosophy

A3: Language and Linguistics

French and Linguistics

Linguistics (including all Linguistics and special fields majors)

Spanish and Linguistics

A4: Culture and Civilization

Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations

Classical Civilization

Iranian Studies

Jewish Studies

Near Eastern Studies

Religion, Study of

Russian Studies

A5: The Arts

Art History

Musicology

(B) Physical Sciences

Applied Mathematics

Astrophysics

Atmospheric Sciences

Biochemistry

Chemistry

Chemistry/Materials Science

Cybernetics

Earth Sciences

Economics/System Science

General Chemistry

General Mathematics

General Physics

Geology (including all specialization options)

Geophysics (including all specialization options)

Mathematics

Mathematics/Applied Science

Mathematics of Computation

Physics

(C) Social Sciences

C1: Historical Analysis

History

History/Art History

C2: Social Analysis

Afro-American Studies

Anthropology

Asian American Studies

Chicana and Chicano Studies

Communication Studies

Development Studies

East Asian Studies

Economics (including all specialization options except
Economics/System Science)

European Studies

Geography

Geography/Environmental Studies

Latin American Studies

Political Science

Sociology

Women's Studies

(D) Life Sciences

Biology

Cell and Molecular Biology

Cognitive Science

Microbiology and Molecular Genetics

Neuroscience

Physiological Science

Psychobiology

Psychology

Courses to Fulfill GE Requirements

Courses with an asterisk indicate cross-listed courses which can fulfill GE requirements in only one group.

See Quantitative Reasoning and Foreign Language Requirements sections for courses to fulfill those requirements.

All honors sections of courses listed below also fulfill GE requirements. Inquire at the Honors Programs Office (A311 Murphy Hall) for information on courses which satisfy any of the areas of the general education requirements

(A) Humanities

Four courses, with at least one from Group A1 and no more than two courses from any single subgroup:

(1) Literature

Classics

40. Survey of Greek Literature in Translation

41. Survey of Latin Literature in Translation

English

10A. English Literature to 1660

10B. English Literature, 1660 to 1832

70. Major British Authors before 1800

75. Major British Authors, 1800 to the Present

80. Major American Authors

85. The American Novel

90. Shakespeare

95A. Introduction to Poetry

95B. Introduction to Drama

95C. Introduction to Fiction

96. The Short Story in England and America

French

12. Introduction to Study of French Literature (in French)

114A, 114B, 114C. Survey of French Literature (in French)

German (Germanic Languages)

50A. Masterworks of German Literature in Translation: Medieval Period through Classicism

50B. Masterworks of German Literature in Translation: Romanticism to the Present

101A. Introduction to German Poetry (in German)

101B. Introduction to German Drama (in German)

101C. Introduction to German Narrative Prose (in German)

Humanities

1A. World Literature: Antiquity to Early Middle Ages

1B. World Literature: Late Middle Ages to the 17th Century

1C. World Literature: Age of Enlightenment to the 20th Century

1D. Great Books from the World at Large

2A. Survey of Literature: Antiquity to Early Middle Ages

2B. Survey of Literature: Late Middle Ages to the 17th Century

2C. Survey of Literature: Age of Enlightenment to the 20th Century

2D. Survey of Literature: Great Books from the World at Large

Italian

50A. Masterpieces of Italian Literature: From Its Origins to End of the Renaissance

50B. Masterpieces of Italian Literature: From the Baroque Period to the Present

Portuguese (Spanish and Portuguese)

40A, 40B. Portuguese, Brazilian, and African Literature in Translation

46. Brazilian Culture and Civilization

120A, 120B. Survey of Portuguese Literature (in Portuguese)

130A, 130B. Survey of Brazilian Literature (in Portuguese)

Russian (Slavic Languages)

25. The Russian Novel in Translation

Scandinavian

50. Introduction to Scandinavian Literature

Spanish (Spanish and Portuguese)

60A, 60B, 60C. Hispanic Literatures in Translation

88A. Lower Division Seminar: Reaching 2001 (Fantasy of Reality and Reality of Fantasy)

(2) Philosophy

Philosophy

1. Beginnings of Western Philosophy

2. Introduction to Philosophy of Religion

4. Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Moral Issues

6. Introduction to Political Philosophy

7. Introduction to Philosophy of Mind

8. Introduction to Philosophy of Science

21. Skepticism and Rationality

22. Introduction to Ethical Theory

(3) Language and Linguistics

Linguistics

1. Introduction to Study of Language

2. Language in the U.S.

10. Structure of English Words

20. Introduction to Linguistics

Language

Formal University foreign language instruction at level four or higher; no more than one course at level four or higher may be used

Spanish and Portuguese

M35. Spanish, Portuguese, and Nature of Language

(4) Culture and Civilization

Art History

*88A. Lower Division Seminar: Buddha's Life and Teachings in Art, Texts, and Worship

Chicana and Chicano Studies

10A. Introduction to Chicano Life and Culture

Chinese (East Asian Languages)

50. Chinese Civilization

East Asian Languages and Cultures

60. Introduction to Buddhism

Folklore and Mythology

15. Introduction to American Folklore Studies

French

14. Introduction to French Civilization

German (Germanic Languages)

100A. German Civilization and Culture before 1700

100B. Modern German Civilization and Culture from 1700 to 1919

100C. German Civilization and Culture in the 20th Century

History

*9A. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of India

*9C. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of Japan

*9D. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of the Near and Middle East

*10A, *10B. Introduction to Civilizations of Africa

*11A, *11B. History of China

Italian

42A. Italian Civilization or Italy through the Ages: From Origins through the Renaissance

42B. Italian Civilization or Italy through the Ages: From the Enlightenment to Modern Italy

46. Italian Cinema and Culture

Japanese (East Asian Languages)

50. Japanese Civilization

Jewish Studies (Near Eastern Languages)

10. Social, Cultural, and Religious Institutions of Judaism

Korean (East Asian Languages)

50. Korean Civilization

Near Eastern Languages

50A. Introduction to Near Eastern Languages and Cultures: Ancient Near East

50B. Introduction to Near Eastern Languages and Cultures: Medieval Near East

50C. Introduction to Near Eastern Languages and Cultures: Modern Near East

Russian (Slavic Languages)

99A. Introduction to Russian Civilization

99B. Russian Civilization in the 20th Century

Slavic (Slavic Languages)

99. Introduction to Slavic Civilization

Spanish and Portuguese

M42. Civilization of Spain and Portugal

M44. Civilization of Spanish America and Brazil

(5) The Arts

Art History

50. Ancient Art

51. Medieval Art

54. Modern Art

55A. Africa, Oceania, and Native America

55B. Arts of Pre-Columbian America

56A. Art of India and Southeast Asia

56B. Introduction to Chinese Art

57. Renaissance and Baroque Art

*88A. Lower Division Seminar: Buddha's Life and Teachings in Art, Texts, and Worship

Classics

42. Cinema and the Ancient World

Design

10. Nature of Design

Ethnomusicology and Systematic Musicology

20A, 20B, 20C. Musical Cultures of the World

M108A, 108B. Music of Latin America

M110A, M110B. The African American Musical Heritage

113. Music of Brazil

136A, 136B. Music of Africa

147. Survey of Classical Music in India

174. Aesthetics of Music

Film and Television

106A. History of the American Motion Picture

106B. History of the European Motion Picture

106C. History of African, Asian, and Latin American Film

108. History of Documentary Film

112. Film and Social Change

Music

15. Art of Listening

Musicology

2A, 2B. Introduction to the Literature of Music

13. 20th-Century Music of the Western World

133. Bach

134. Beethoven

135A, 135B, 135C. History of Opera

Theater

102E. Theater of Non-E0uropean World

104C. History of American Theater: WWI to the Present

World Arts and Cultures

134. History of Dance in Culture and Performance

181A. Dance Cultures of Asia

182. Dance in Africa and the African Diaspora

C187. Dance in Native American Cultures

(B) Physical Sciences

Three courses from the following, two of which must be complementary and one of which must have a laboratory and/or demonstration component:

Astronomy

2A, 2B. Introduction to the Physical Universe

3. Astronomy: Nature of the Universe

4. Universe of Stars and Stellar Systems

5. Life in the Universe

6. Cosmology: Our Changing Concepts of the Universe

81. Astrophysics I: Stars and Nebulae

82. Astrophysics II: Stellar Evolution, Galaxies, and Cosmology

88A. Lower Division Seminar: Cosmic Evolution

Atmospheric Sciences

2, 2E. Air Pollution

3, 3E. Introduction to the Atmospheric Environment

4. California Weather and Climate

5. Climates of Other Worlds

6, 6E. Climate and Climatic Change

Chemical Engineering

2. Technology and the Environment

Chemistry and Biochemistry

2. Introductory Chemistry

11A, 11B. General Chemistry

11BL. General Chemistry Laboratory

15. Survey of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

15L. Laboratory in Elementary Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Civil and Environmental Engineering

3. Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering Science

Computer Science

2. Great Ideas In Computer Science

Earth and Space Sciences

1. Introduction to Earth Science

2. Earth History

5. Earth Science and Society: Geological Ecological Interactions

8. Earthquakes

9. Origin and Evolution of Solar System

*15. Introduction to Oceanography

*20. Natural History of Southern California

Geography

1. Physical Environment

Mathematics

2. Finite Mathematics

3A, 3B. Calculus for Life Sciences Students

5. Calculus for Liberal Arts Students

31A, 31B. Calculus and Analytic Geometry

31AQ, 31BQ. Calculus and Analytic Geometry with Computer Laboratory

31E. Calculus for Economics Students

Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering

1. Energy: Resources, Conversion, Utilization, and the Environment

2. Toxic Waste Control

Physics

3A. General Physics: Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

3B. General Physics: Heat, Sound, Electricity and Magnetism

3C. General Physics: Light, Relativity, and Modern Physics

6A. Physics for Life Sciences Majors: Mechanics

6B. Physics for Life Sciences Majors: Electricity and Magnetism

6C. Physics for Life Sciences Majors: Light and Modern Physics

8A. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics

8B. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Waves, Sound, Heat

8C. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity and Magnetism

10. Physics

Complementary courses include Astronomy 2A/2B, 3/4, 3/5, 3/6, 81/82; Atmospheric Sciences 2/3, 2E/3E, 3/4, 3/5, 3/6, 3E/6E, 5/6; Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A/11B, 11A/15; Earth and Space Sciences 1/2, 1/8, 1/9, 1/15, 1/Geography 1; Mathematics 3A/3B, 3A/31B, 3A/31E, 3B/31A, 31A/31B, 31A/31E; Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering 1/2, 2/Chemistry and Biochemistry 2; Physics 3A/3B, 6A/6B, 6A/8B, 6A/8C, 6B/8A, 8A/8B, 8A/8C.

Courses with a laboratory and/or demonstration component include Astronomy 2A, 2B, 3, 81, 82, Atmospheric Sciences 2, 3, 3E, 6E, Chemistry and Biochemistry 11BL, 15L, Earth and Space Sciences 1, 2, 15, 20, Geography 1, Mathematics 31AQ, 31BQ, Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering 1, 2, Physics 3A, 3B, 3C, 6A, 6B, 6C, 8A, 8B, 8C, 10.

(C) Social Sciences

Four courses (two each from Groups 1 and 2):

(1) Historical Analysis

Two courses from a single sequence are recommended:

Classics

10. Survey of Classical Greek Culture

20. Survey of Roman Civilization

History

1A, 1B, 1C. Introduction to Western Civilization

3A, 3B, 3C. Introduction to History of Science

3D. Themes in History of Medicine

4. Introduction to History of Religions

5A, 5B. Survey of British History

6A, 6B, 6C. History of the American Peoples

7A, 7B. Survey of Political History of the U.S.

8B. Latin America: Reform and Revolution

8C. Latin American Social History

*9A. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of India

*9C. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of Japan

*9D. Introduction to Asian Civilizations: History of the Near and Middle East

*10A, *10B. Introduction to Civilizations of Africa

*11A, *11B. History of China

21. World History, 1200 to 1800

22. Contemporary World History, 1870 to the Present

Political Science

10. Introduction to Political Theory

(2) Social Analysis

Afro-American Studies

M5. Social Organization of Black Communities

American Indian Studies

10. Introduction to American Indian Studies

Anthropology

8. Archaeology: An Introduction

9. Sociocultural Anthropology

33. Culture and Communication

Asian American Studies

21. Asians and Pacific Islanders in American Society

Biology

*11. Biomedical Research Issues in Minority Communities

Chicana and Chicano Studies

10B. Chicanos in American Society

Communication Studies

10. Introduction to Communication Studies

Economics

1, 2. Principles of Economics

5. Introductory Economics

Geography

3. Cultural Geography

4. Introduction to Economic Geography

Political Science

20. World Politics

30. Introduction to Political Economy

40. Introduction to American Politics

50. Introduction to Comparative Politics

Psychology

10. Introductory Psychology

*88A. Lower Division Seminar: Stress, Adaptation, and Coping

Social Sciences

20. Racial Minorities in the U.S.

Sociology

1. Introductory Sociology

2. Changing Society and Making History

3. Sociology of Everyday Life

4. Jobs and Careers: Sociological Approach

M5. Social Organization of Black Communities

31. Dilemmas of Third World Development

Women's Studies

10. Introduction to Women's Studies: Feminist Perspectives on Women and Society

(D) Life Sciences

Three courses from the following, one of which must have a laboratory and/or demonstration component:

Anthropology

7 (Human Evolution) or 12 (Principles of Human Evolution: Comparative Analysis)

10. Principles of Human Evolution: Genetic Basis

15. Human Biology and Behavior

Biology

2. Principles of Modern Biology

5L. Organismic and Environmental Biology Laboratory

6. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior

10. Plants and Civilization

*11. Biomedical Research Issues in Minority Communities

12. Biodiversity and Extinction: Crisis and Conservation

13. Evolution of Life

21. Field Biology

25. Oceans

30. Biology of Cancer

40. AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases

50. Desert Life

70. Genetic Engineering and Society

80. The Green World: Plant Biology for Now and the Future

88E. Lower Division Seminar: Genetics and Society -- Current Status and Future Applications

88F. Lower Division Seminar: Science and Scientists -- Expectations and Realities

Earth and Space Sciences

*15. Introduction to Oceanography

16. Major Events in History of Life

17. Dinosaurs and Their Relatives

*20. Natural History of Southern California

Geography

2. Biogeography

5. People and the Earth's Ecosystems

Life Sciences

1. Evolution, Ecology, and Biodiversity

2. Cells, Tissues, and Organs

3. Introduction to Molecular Biology

4. Genetics

Microbiology and Molecular Genetics

6. Introduction to Microbiology

7. Developments in Biotechnology

Physiological Science

3. Introduction to Human Physiology

5. Issues in Human Physiology: Diet and Exercise

6. The Human Machine: Physiological Processes

13. Introduction to Human Anatomy

Psychology

15. Introductory Psychobiology

*88A. Lower Division Seminar: Stress, Adaptation, and Coping

Courses with a laboratory and/or demonstration component include Biology 2, 5L, 6, 10, 21, 50, 80, Earth and Space Sciences 15, 16, 17, 20, Geography 2, 5, Physiological Science 3, 5, 13.

Credit Limitations

Transfer students with credit from other institutions (advanced standing credit) receive a Degree Progress Report (DPR) from the Office of Undergraduate Admissions and Relations with Schools indicating the transferable units from their former institution(s); however, the following credit limitations may reduce the total number of transferred units which will apply toward the degree in the College of Letters and Science. Consult with a counselor in the College Counseling Service regarding these limitations.

The following credit limitations apply for all students enrolled in the college. In most cases units are not deducted until the final term before graduation. Consult a counselor in the College Counseling Service if you have questions.

Subject A

If you do not satisfy the Subject A requirement prior to enrolling at UC, you must pass an approved course or other program prescribed by your UC campus of residence. Only after satisfying the Subject A requirement can you take for transfer credit an English composition course after enrolling at UCLA. Consult a college counselor regarding Subject A equivalent courses from other UC campuses.

Community College

After completing 105 quarter units (26Z\v courses) toward the degree in all institutions attended, you are allowed no further unit credit for courses completed at a community college.

Physical Education

No more than four units in physical education activities courses may be applied toward the bachelor's degree.

300- and 400-Level Courses

No more than two courses (eight units) in the 300 and 400 series of courses may be applied toward the bachelor's degree. Credit is not granted for X300 and X400 courses taken in UCLA Extension.

Performance Courses

No more than 12 units of music and/or dance performance courses (Ethnomusicology and Systematic Musicology 91A-91Z, Music 90A through 90N, and World Arts and Cultures 71B through 79Z, C171B through C179Z) may be applied toward the bachelor's degree whether taken at UCLA or another institution.

Foreign Language

Credit will not be allowed for completing a less advanced course in grammar and/or composition after you have completed a more advanced course. College credit for an international student's native language and literature is allowed for (1) courses taken in native colleges and universities or (2) upper division (advanced language courses only) and graduate courses taken at the University of California or another English-speaking institution of approved standing (no credit is allowed for lower division courses).

College Level Examination Programs

Credit earned through the College Level Examination Program (CLEP) and through the California State University English Equivalency Examination may not be applied toward the bachelor's degree.

Advanced Placement (AP) Tests

Advanced Placement (AP) Test credit may not be applied toward a degree unless you had less than 36 units of credit at the time of the examination(s). See the chart, "Credit for Advanced Placement Tests," for UCLA course equivalents and credit allowed for general education requirements.

ROTC Courses

For students contracted in the Aerospace Studies Department, 36 units of aerospace studies credit may be applied toward the requirements for the bachelor's degree; for students contracted in the Military Science Department, 26 units of military science credit may be applied; for students contracted in the Naval Science Department, 26 units of naval science credit may be applied.

Independent Study Courses

No more than two courses (eight units) of credit may be taken per term in special independent study courses. The total number of units allowed in such courses for a letter grade is 16; see specific restrictions under each departmental listing.

Physics 3A, 6A, 8A, 10

Any two or more courses from Physics 3A, 6A, 8A, and 10 are limited to a total of six units of credit.

Statistics

No credit is allowed for more than one lower division course in statistics (Anthropology 80, Economics 40, Geography 40, Political Science 6, Psychology 41, Sociology 18, Statistics 50) or for more than one sequence of such courses whether taken at UCLA or another institution.

Education Abroad Program

Students participating in the Education Abroad Program may receive a maximum of 48 units of credit toward the degree in addition to the eight units maximum allowable for the Intensive Language Program.

Credit by Examination

Within the College of Letters and Science, eligibility for credit by examination is usually limited to students who have been approved as Departmental Scholars or who are admitted to a departmental honors program or UCLA Honors Programs.

You may petition for credit by examination for one course at a time. The examination for that course must be taken successfully before you may petition for credit by examination in another course. Petitions for credit by examination (with fee) are available only through an appointment with a counselor in the Honors Programs Office, A311 Murphy Hall. Approval is given or withheld by the dean of the Division of Honors and Undergraduate Programs who may limit the number of such petitions you present.

Honors

College Honors

College Honors is the highest academic recognition the College of Letters and Science confers on its undergraduates. The College Honors program provides the exceptional Letters and Science undergraduate an opportunity to pursue individual excellence.

College Honors is awarded to graduating seniors with an overall University of California grade-point average of 3.5 or better who have completed either 44 units of honors coursework or 36 units of honors coursework that include a senior research project/thesis based on original research. With the assistance of Honors Programs counselors, you integrate this coursework throughout your undergraduate education with other University, college, and major requirements for the bachelor's degree. In this way, these units need not be above and beyond your other academic commitments.

Students in the College Honors program are entitled to specialized counseling within the division, some preferential preenrollment in classes each term, access to specially designed honors classes, eligibility for unique scholarships and research stipends, counseling on graduate and preprofessional programs, graduate library privileges, and a filing and mailing service for letters of recommendation. Incoming freshmen who are eligible for College Honors based on SAT scores and GPA and who file their housing application on time are also offered preferred on-campus student housing for the first year.

To qualify for College Honors, entering freshmen must (1) have an overall GPA of 3.85 or better and an SAT score of 1,300 or better (on one test date) or an ACT score of 31 or better or (2) graduate in the top three percent of their high school class or (3) qualify through the Honors Programs Educational Enhancement Program (see below). Certain entering transfer students may be admitted with a transfer GPA of 3.85 (or 3.5 if transferring from another UC campus or a college in the Transfer Alliance Program). Continuing UCLA and transfer students with at least 12 or more graded units at UCLA and a cumulative UC GPA of 3.5 or better who can complete the honors course requirements prior to graduation are encouraged to participate, as are both regularly qualified and potentially successful underrepresented minority students.

The Educational Enhancement Program offers low-income, minority, disabled, and other nontraditional students who might not otherwise be able to participate an opportunity to qualify for UCLA's College Honors program. Contact the Honors Programs Office for more information.

You may apply for admission to College Honors at A311 Murphy Hall. For further information, attend one of the group meetings offered regularly by the Honors Programs Office.

Honors at Graduation

Students who have achieved scholastic distinction may be awarded the bachelor's degree with honors. To be eligible, you must have completed 90 or more units for a letter grade at the University of California and must have attained an overall grade-point average at graduation which places you in the top five percent of College of Letters and Science graduates (GPA of 3.787 or better) for summa cum laude, the next five percent (GPA of 3.685 or better) for magna cum laude, and the next 10 percent (GPA of 3.526 or better) for cum laude. Coursework taken on the Education Abroad Program is applied toward honors at graduation. The minimum GPAs required are subject to change on an annual basis. Required GPAs in effect in your graduating year (fall, winter, spring, summer) determine your eligibility. Consult your graduation-year catalog for the requirements that apply to you.

Dean's Honors List

The Dean's Honors List recognizes high scholastic achievement in any one term. The following criteria are used to note Dean's Honors List on the student records: (1) a 3.75 GPA in any one term with at least 12 graded units and no grade of NP or I or (2) a 3.66 GPA and at least 56 grade points during the term, with no grade of NP or I. Dean's Honors List is automatically recorded on your transcript.

Departmental Scholar Program

Departments may nominate exceptionally promising undergraduate students (juniors and seniors) as UCLA Departmental Scholars to pursue bachelor's and master's degrees simultaneously.

Qualifications include completion of 24 courses (96 quarter units) at UCLA or the equivalent at a similar institution, the requirements in preparation for the major, and eligibility to participate in your college/school honors program. You must also have at least one term's coursework remaining at UCLA. To obtain both the bachelor's and master's degrees you must be provisionally admitted to the Graduate Division, fulfill requirements for each program, and maintain a minimum B average. No course may be used to fulfill requirements for both degrees. If you are interested in becoming a Departmental Scholar, consult your department well in advance of application dates for graduate admission (see the Calendar at the beginning of this catalog). For further information, consult the Honors Programs Office.

Honors Collegium

The Honors Collegium is a unique and innovative educational alternative of seminars and courses designed primarily for students in their freshman and sophomore years. Some upper division courses are also offered. Refer to Honors Collegium later in this section for a complete description of the program.

Honors Programs Office

The Honors Programs Office, located in A311 Murphy Hall (310-825-1553, 825-3786), provides academic counseling and services for College Honors students, Departmental Scholars, Education Abroad Program students, and students pursuing individual majors. The division also provides counseling for Regents Scholars, National Merit Scholars, and Alumni Scholars during their first year of attendance. Services offered include academic counseling, degree checks, assistance with petitions and, for College Honors students only, letters describing the program to graduate and professional schools.

A variety of scholarships and awards for qualified continuing students and graduating seniors is also available.

In addition, the Honors Programs Office administers Phi Beta Kappa (national honor society).

Preparing for a Professional School

The programs that follow are not degree programs in the College of Letters and Science. The purpose of each grouping of courses is to assist you if you plan to apply to a professional school at the end of your sophomore (90 units) or junior (135 units) year.

If you are not accepted by a professional school or plan to receive your degree before entering, you must declare a major in the College of Letters and Science and complete the requirements for a degree without exceeding 216 units.

New students entering these curricula are listed as "undeclared" majors and are advised in the college unless an adviser is named below in the presentation of the curriculum.

Preprofessional Advising Office

Information and counseling on preparing for professional schools and assistance in filing applications and preparing for interviews are available through the Preprofessional Advising Office, A266 Murphy Hall. Workshops, drop-in counseling, reference letter services, and MCAT, DAT, AMCAS, LSAT, GRE, GMAT, and other applications are available. For more information, call (310) 825-1817.

Predental Curriculum: Three Years

The College of Letters and Science offers a predental curriculum designed to fulfill the basic educational requirements for admission to several dental schools and the general educational requirements of the College of Letters and Science. You should determine and satisfy the specific requirements of the dental schools to which you expect to apply.

To be adequately prepared for the predental curriculum, you should take the following subjects in high school: English, history, mathematics (algebra, geometry, and trigonometry), chemistry, physics, and foreign language.

The 135 quarter units of work required for admission to the UCLA School of Dentistry in this curriculum include the following:

General University Requirements: (1) Subject A; (2) American History and Institutions.

Specific UCLA School of Dentistry Requirements: (1) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11C/11CL, 132A, 132B/132BL, 153A, 153L; (2) English 3, 4; (3) Life Sciences 1, 2, 3, 4, and two biology courses with laboratory; (4) Physics 3A, 3B, and 3C, or 6A, 6B, and 6C, or 8A, 8B, and 8C; (5) Psychology 10.

Social sciences and humanities courses such as anthropology, history, economics, psychology, political science, appreciation of art and/or music, and philosophy should also be included.

For further information, consult Admissions Requirements of U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools, AADS, 1625 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 101, Washington, DC 20036. Sample copies of the Dental Admission Test (DAT) are available in the Preprofessional Advising Office (310-825-1817).

Predental Hygiene Curriculum: Two Years

The University offers a four-year program in dental hygiene leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The first two years may be taken at Los Angeles; the last two years must be taken at the School of Dentistry at the University of California, San Francisco.

Admission to UCSF is by competitive application. The UCSF School of Dentistry reserves the right to limit enrollment if applications exceed available facilities and to require interviews and aptitude tests if they are necessary in the selection of the class. For further information, see the Announcement of the School of Dentistry, UC San Francisco.

The 90 quarter units of work required for admission to the School of Dentistry at UCSF include specific requirements as follows (the courses referred to are UCLA courses which fulfill the requirements):

Curriculum Requirements: (1) Subject A; (2) American History and Institutions (the examination in American History and Institutions may be taken at the UCSF School of Dentistry, but it is preferable to satisfy the requirements in the predental program); (3) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 132A, 132B/132BL, 153A, 153L; (4) one year of English which includes English 3; (5) Life Sciences 1, 2, 3, 4; (6) Psychology 10 and one additional psychology course; (7) 16 units in social sciences and humanities, including foreign language (one course in speech and one in sociology are required). Courses in anatomy and physiology are strongly recommended. For more information, call the Preprofessional Advising Office at (310) 825-1817.

Premedical Studies: Four Years

If you intend to apply for admission to a medical school and wish to complete the requirements for a bachelor's degree before such admission, you should select a major within the College of Letters and Science. Medical schools have no preference as to major. You should choose the major in which you are most interested and can do best. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the selected major, you should satisfy the specific requirements for medical schools to which you expect to apply.

High school preparation for premedical studies at the University should include English, three units; U.S. history, one unit; mathematics, three and one-half units; chemistry, one unit; physics, one unit; biology, one unit; foreign language (preferably French, German, or Spanish), two units. It is desirable that a course in freehand drawing be taken in high school.

The following courses are usually required for admission to the UCLA School of Medicine: (1) two years of college biology to include the study of organismic, cellular, molecular, developmental, and genetic biology, including at least one year of laboratory courses and one year of upper division courses (Life Sciences 1, 2, 3, and 4, plus additional life sciences courses to meet the general and laboratory coursework requirements); (2) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11CL, 132A, 132B/132BL, 153A, 153L; (3) 12 quarter units of English, including at least one course in English composition; (4) Physics 3A, 3B, and 3C, or 6A, 6B, and 6C, or 8A, 8B, and 8C. Courses in physical chemistry and calculus are strongly recommended. Course requirements for admission to other University of California medical schools vary slightly.

Because requirements for admission to medical schools outside the University of California also vary somewhat, you should consult the following publications: Medical School Admission Requirements, U.S. and Canada, Association of American Medical Colleges, 2450 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-1126; The Education of Osteopathic Physicians, AACOM, 6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 405, Rockville, MD 20852; and The New MCAT Student Manual (also an AAMC publication available at the above AAMC address). For more information, call the Preprofessional Advising Office at (310) 825-1817.

Prenursing Curriculum: Two Years

Note: The School of Nursing is suspending admissions to the undergraduate program for the 1996-97 academic year.

The University offers a four-year course of study leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. The prenursing curriculum in the College of Letters and Science is designed to prepare you for the program in the UCLA School of Nursing. You should apply to the School of Nursing when you have completed or have in progress 84 quarter credits, including the prenursing courses listed below with grades of C or better, and a cumulative grade-point average of at least 2.8. Since you must apply during the Fall Quarter of the year prior to the year in which you wish to be enrolled, you must present your proposed curriculum for the remaining terms.

Because enrollment in the UCLA School of Nursing is limited, you should become familiar with the admission requirements as early as possible. Attend open counseling sessions in the UCLA School of Nursing (times are posted in the Office of Student Affairs, 2-200 Factor Building, 310-825-7181) and those given by the Preprofessional Advising Office (posted outside A266 Murphy Hall, 310-825-1817).

New students admitted to the college in this curriculum should declare prenursing as their major. Weekly open counseling sessions are available through the College of Letters and Science. Students in the college who do not transfer to the UCLA School of Nursing must declare a major and be able to complete all degree requirements within 216 units.

Prenursing Requirements for the UCLA School of Nursing: (1) Anthropology 9; (2) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11CL, 132A; (3) Community Health Sciences 130; (4) English 3; (5) Life Sciences 2, 3; (6) Microbiology and Molecular Genetics 6 or 10 or 101; (7) Physics 10 or one year of high school physics; (8) Physiological Science 13; (9) Psychology 10; (10) Sociology 1; (11) one four-unit humanities course from literature, philosophy, language and linguistics, culture and civilization, or the arts; (12) recommended electives in the social and life sciences. Life Sciences 4 is highly recommended. All required prenursing courses must be completed for a letter grade.

Preoptometry Curriculum: Three Years

A three-year program designed to prepare you for admission to optometric schools may be completed in the College of Letters and Science. If you are planning to transfer to the School of Optometry at Berkeley, you should contact Assistant Dean Carter of the School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, (510) 642-9537, as early in your preprofessional studies as possible.

You will be adequately prepared for preoptometric studies if you have taken the following subjects in high school: English, history, mathematics (algebra, geometry, and trigonometry), chemistry, physics, and two years of one foreign language.

The 135 quarter units of work required for admission to the School of Optometry, UC Berkeley, include the following: (1) Subject A; (2) American History and Institutions.

Specific UC Berkeley School of Optometry Requirements: (1) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11C/11CL, 132A, 132B; (2) English 3, and 4 or 100; (3) Life Sciences 1, 3; (4) Mathematics 1, 3A, and 3B, or 3A, 3B, and 3C, or 31A, 31B, and Statistics 50 or Psychology 41; (5) Microbiology and Molecular Genetics 6 or 101; (6) Physics 3A, 3B, and 3C, or 6A, 6B, and 6C, or 8A, 8B, and 8C; (7) introductory anatomy (Physiological Science 13) and physiology (Biology 166); (8) Psychology 10. Recommended: neuroanatomy, cell physiology, or additional statistics courses.

The balance of the 135 quarter units required for admission may be selected from social sciences, foreign languages, and humanities.

For further information, obtain the booklet Information for Applicants to Schools and Colleges of Optometry from the American Optometric Association, 243 Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63141, or call the Preprofessional Advising Office at (310) 825-1817.

Prepharmacy Curriculum: Two Years

The School of Pharmacy on the San Francisco campus of the University offers a four-year curriculum leading to the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy. To be admitted to this curriculum you must have met all requirements for admission to the University and have completed, with an average grade of C (2.0) or better, at least 90 quarter units of the program below. Students taking prepharmacy work at the University of California are normally enrolled in the College of Letters and Science. If taken elsewhere, the courses elected must be equivalent to those offered at the University. To complete prepharmacy studies in the minimum time, you should take elementary chemistry, trigonometry, and a full year of intermediate algebra in high school.

Students who have completed the prepharmacy curriculum at Los Angeles cannot be assured of admission to the School of Pharmacy on the San Francisco campus. A personal interview may be required. Applicants should contact the school in early fall of the year preceding the September of proposed admission. Contact the Office of Student Affairs, School of Pharmacy. Applications may be obtained from the office of the Director of Admissions, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, (510) 476-2732. For further information, see the Announcement of the School of Pharmacy, UC San Francisco, which may be obtained from the Dean, School of Pharmacy, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446.

Curriculum Requirements: (1) Subject A; (2) American History and Institutions; (3) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11C/11CL, 132A, 132B/132BL; (4) English 3, 4; (5) Life Sciences 1, 2, 3; (6) intermediate algebra and trigonometry (if not completed in high school), Mathematics 3A and 3B, or 31A and 31B; (7) Physics 3A and 3B, or 6A and 6B, or 8A and 8C/8CL; (8) 28 quarter units of electives selected from courses in foreign language, social sciences, and humanities.

For further information, call the Preprofessional Advising Office at (310) 825-1817.

Prephysical Therapy Curriculum: Three or Four Years

Students who intend to apply for admission to a physical therapy school should select a major (physiological science and psychology are commonly selected) and complete the following prerequisite courses: (1) Chemistry and Biochemistry 11A, 11B/11BL, 11CL, 15, 15L; (2) Life Sciences 1, 2, 3; (3) Physics 3A, 3B, 3C; (4) introductory anatomy (Physiological Science 13) and physiology (Biology 166); (5) Psychology 10, 115, 127, 130; (6) one course in statistics and one in computing. The prerequisite courses should be taken for a letter grade; GPAs for these courses should not be lower than 3.0, with no grade lower than a C.

You should write to schools with physical therapy programs early in your sophomore year for specific admission requirements and application deadlines. Information concerning in-state and out-of-state programs may be obtained from the American Physical Therapy Association, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, and the Preprofessional Advising Office (310-825-1817).

Prepublic Health Studies

The professional and academic fields of public health need individuals from many disciplines. Candidates for graduate study may come from a wide variety of academic backgrounds and training, including mathematics and the physical, biological, and social sciences. Preparation typically includes a minimum of two courses each in mathematics, biological sciences, and social sciences, and one course in physical sciences.

Interested students and those who wish to apply to the UCLA School of Public Health should review the school's announcement booklet for additional requirements or recommendations for entry into the various programs of study. -Information is available at the Preprofessional Advising Office (310-825-1817).

Prerespiratory Therapy Curriculum: One Year

Santa Monica College (SMC) and the UCLA Medical Center offer a two-year program in respiratory therapy accredited by the American Medical Association (AMA) through which you may obtain a Certificate of Completion.

The first year of the curriculum may be taken at UCLA or any other two- or four-year college/university. Many UCLA students opt to incorporate the first-year respiratory therapy curriculum into their UCLA science or premedical B.S./B.A. degree prerequisites and, after completing their UCLA degree, enter the second year at the SMC/UCLA Medical Center School of Respiratory Therapy. The only first-year course that must be taken at Santa Monica College is an introductory course on respiratory therapy as a profession (Respiratory Therapy 1).

The second year of the program (the formal respiratory therapy curriculum) is taken through Santa Monica College. It is a lecture, laboratory, and clinical program conducted at the UCLA Medical Center, beginning with summer school each year. Admission to the second year is by competitive application. Because enrollment in the second year is limited, you should become familiar with the admission requirements as early as possible.

Curriculum Requirements (First Year): (1) Respiratory Therapy 1 (taken at SMC in Fall/Spring Quarter); (2) general human anatomy with laboratory; (3) general chemistry with laboratory; (4) basic lower division English; (5) U.S. history or general political science; (6) any general humanities course (art, music, foreign languages, etc.); (7) microbiology with laboratory; (8) human physiology with laboratory; (9) general psychology; (10) speech or advanced English composition.

For further information and/or a counseling appointment, contact the SMC/UCLA Medical Center School of Respiratory Therapy at (310) 825-7222.

Prelaw Studies

Law schools have no preference with regard to specific majors or particular courses. However, two terms of English composition in preparing to apply to law school would be useful. Admission to law school is based on the quality of your academic work, LSAT scores, and other qualities as reflected in your written application, personal statement, and letters of recommendation. The College of Letters and Science offers advising on preparing for and applying to law schools through daily drop-in counseling, appointments, and workshops. For more information, call the Preprofessional Advising Office at (310) 825-1817.

For additional information, see the Law School Admission Bulletin available at the Admissions Office, UCLA School of Law, 71 Dodd Hall.

Graduate Study

The College of Letters and Science provides graduate students virtually unlimited opportunities for academic pursuit, faculty-sponsored research, and fieldwork relative to specific programs and career goals.

With Graduate Division approval and subject to University minimum requirements, each department sets its own standards for admission and other requirements for the award of the master's and doctoral degrees. See the Curricula and Courses section of this catalog for introductory information and procedures. For a complete outline of degree requirements, see Program Requirements for UCLA Graduate Degrees available in the program office and accessible on the Graduate Division Gopher via the Internet.

For information on the proficiency in English requirements for international graduate students, refer to Graduate Admission in the Graduate Study section of this catalog.